內藏型永磁交流馬達無轉軸位置感測器控制及其在壓縮機控制之應用

Shaft Position Sensorless Control of An Interior Permanent Magnet AC Motor and Its Application to Compressor Control

許清翔(Ching-Shiang Shiu)

指導教授 ： 楊勝明

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/電機工程系研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

在永磁交流馬達控制系統中，為達到向量控制目的需藉由位置感測器取得轉子角度資訊，但這些感測器會增加系統成本及降低可靠性，因此在控制精確度要求不高或無法安裝轉軸感測器的場合，無轉軸位置感測器控制方法得以廣泛應用。本文旨在探討內藏型永磁交流馬達無轉軸位置感測器的轉子角度估測、控制法則及應用於迴轉式壓縮機時的振動抑制。首先說明永磁交流馬達的數學模型，接著介紹向量控制原理，以及在無轉軸位置感測器時使用的反電動勢觀測轉子角度的方法，最後根據反電動勢提供的轉子角度資訊，藉由鎖相迴路的方式對轉子角度進行估測。本文除了以實驗驗證內藏型永磁交流馬達控制系統之外，亦將此控制方法應用於迴轉式壓縮機的控制系統。由於迴轉式壓縮機特殊的結構，氣體壓縮過程會引起相當大的負載轉矩脈動，導致整個系統在運轉時轉速劇烈變化，機體大幅度振動，低轉速時甚為嚴重。據此，本文提出一壓縮機轉矩電流前饋補償的控制策略，能有效減少壓縮機低速運轉時的振動。

關鍵字

內藏型永磁交流馬達 ； 迴轉式壓縮機 ； 無轉軸位置感測器 ； 振動抑制

並列摘要

In order to achieve vector control purposes in the permanent magnet AC motor control system, we need the rotor angle by the position sensors, but it will increase the cost of the system and reduce reliability, in the occasions of the low control accuracy or shaft sensor can not be installed, sensorless control method can be widely used. This article aims to explore the interior permanent magnet type AC motor rotor angle estimation, control laws, and rotary compressor vibration suppression. First of all, of the permanent magnet AC motor mathematical model, then introduced the vector control principle, and sensorless control method. This addition to the experiments IPM AC motor control system, the control method is also applied to t rotary compressor. As the unique structure of rotary compressors, gas compression process can cause considerable load torque ripple, a substantial body vibration at low speeds. Accordingly, this paper proposes a compressor torque current feedforward compensation control strategy can effectively reduce the vibration of the compressor during low speed operation.

並列關鍵字

Interior Permanent magnet AC Motors ； Rotary Compressor ； Shaft Sensorless ； Vibration Suppression

參考文獻

[1] P. Pillay and R. Krishnan, “Application characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous and brushless DC motors for servo drives,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 27, No. 5, Sep./Oct., 1991, pp. 986-996.

[2] P. Pillay and P. Freere, “Literature survey of permanent magnet AC motors and drives,” Proceedings of the IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, Vol.1, 1989, pp. 74-84.

[3] H. Rasmussen, R. Vadstrup and H. Borsting, “Adaptive observer for speed sensorless PM motor control,” Proceedings of the IEEE 38th IAS Annual Meeting, Vol. 1, 2003, pp.599-603.

[4] L. Salvatore, F. Cupertino and G. L. Cascella, “A new approach to sensorless vector control of SPMSM with adaptive sliding-mode observer,” Proceedings of the IEEE Int. SIE, Vol.2, July, 2002, pp. 489-494.

[5] C. Li and M. Elbuluk, “A sliding mode observer for sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors,” Proceedings of the IEEE 36th IAS Annual Meeting, Vol. 2, 2001, pp. 1273-1278.