捷運橋梁目視檢查與維護管理之研究

橋梁檢查與維護係國內交通運輸養護單位重要業務之一，長期以來有許多期刊文獻與書籍，對於橋梁檢查與評估均有詳細的研究與探討，惟大多數的文獻均將捷運橋梁排除在研究範圍之外，且國內捷運主管機關亦未針對捷運橋梁檢查方式訂定規範，故當前捷運橋梁檢查係參採公路橋梁DER&U評檢法執行檢查，DER&U更是目前國內最常使用的評檢法，尤其自民國90年8月交通部運輸研究所正式啟用「臺灣地區橋梁管理資訊系統」後，亦將DER&U評估法作為評估準則，惟兩者運輸用途不同之橋梁，是否適用相同檢查原理、方法，確實值得進一步探討。為了解捷運系統是否適用公路橋梁DER&U的評檢方式，本研究經蒐集國內、外公路與捷運橋梁維護管理相關文獻，彙整常用的橋梁檢測評估方式，藉由現場執行及檢查成果進行探討。由於捷運系統重視臨界構件之影響，經本研究分析後也發現，DER&U評檢法在捷運系統確實不易反映橋梁現況與維修需求，且在受檢橋梁數量較少情況下，亦無法展現DER&U評檢法之優點，故經實例探討後，依照現況成果規劃適用於捷運橋梁之普檢表單，更新後表單以詳細檢查為主，配合圖示描繪及照片輔助，讓未參與現場檢查作業人員，也能藉由檢查表確實掌握橋梁現況，同時並保留DER&U現場評核之優點，以便參閱檢查表時，即可初步了解橋梁檢查後之優劣概況，再經由檢查成果接續辦理必要的維護與改善工作。

關鍵字

捷運；橋梁；目視檢查；異狀評估

並列摘要

The inspection and maintenance of bridge structures is one of the important tasks for public transportation sectors in Taiwan. Many documents and academic journals have had detailed discussions and studies on inspections and evaluations of bridge structures for a long term; however, those documents exclude RT bridges. In addition, the government agency of RT in Taiwan does not regulate related procedures of bridge inspection. Therefore, highway inspection method, DER&U, becomes a reference for current inspecting techniques for RT bridges. In fact, DER&U is the most common technique to inspect and evaluate the conditions of bridges in this country. Especially, since the Institute of Transportation of MOTC started applying “Information System of Bridge Management in Taiwan”, DER&U has become mainly evaluation criteria. Nevertheless, it should be discussed and studied if same principles and techniques of bridge inspections can be applied for different types of bridges. This paper will focus on the consistency between RT bridges and DER&U. This paper will also collect domestic and foreign documents about how to maintain and manage highway and RT bridges. After organizing and analyzing those documents, this paper will discuss and evaluate the results when DER&U is applied to bridge inspection. Actually, the influence of critical elements is considerable for RT systems. However, through the analyses of the results, it is discovered that DER&U is hard to reflect a current condition and a necessity of maintenance of RT bridges. Furthermore, it hardly reveals the advantage of applying DER&U when the number of examined bridges is less. As a result, this paper will develop a suitable inspection form for RT bridges based on actual case studies. This new form will primarily consider thorough inspection. Additionally, the crews who do not attend field operation of bridge inspection can realize the current condition of bridges by referring the updated form and the delineations and pictures of examined bridges. Then, the crews can decide to execute a following inspection or an improvement project. Furthermore, the new form retains the advantages of on-site audit of DER&U. When people refer this inspection form, the advantage of DER&U can help to understand a general condition of bridges immediately.