應用免疫演算法於過電流電驛協調設定之研究

Coordination of Overcurrent Relay Using Immune Algorithm

林仕邦(Sbon Lin)

指導教授 ： 陳昭榮

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/電機工程系研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

保護電驛設定的目的，在於電力事故發生時，能快速啟動斷路器。若最接近事故發生點的保護電驛無法啟動斷路器。則另一個靠近供電端的保護電驛必須啟動斷路器，此電驛稱為後衛保護電驛。為了避免後衛保護電驛因故障電流，比主保護電驛先行啟動斷路器，反而造成停電區域擴大，故後衛保護電驛在設定時，常加入一個延遲時間，以確保主保護電驛先啟動斷路器，此一時間稱之協調時間間隔(Coordination Time Interval,CTI)。為了使事故造成之停電區域最小化，傳統上由工程師依經驗法則來設定各個電驛，不但費時，且設定值難以達到最小的啟動時間。
本論文提出以免疫演算法尋找過電流保護電驛保護協調最佳化之設定。免疫演算法為最佳化演算法之一，相似於基因演算法。除了基因演算法中的交配、複製、突變等運算步驟外，加入了記憶細胞設定、細胞決策、輕鍵變換及雜異度選擇等新運算步驟。使得在最佳化搜尋中，加速尋找電力系統中最佳的過電流電驛設定。
本文將以輻射狀電力網路及環狀電力網路為例，分別使用基因演算法及免疫演算法，計算過電流保護電驛的設定。二者相較，證明免疫演算法能搜尋到保護協調的最佳過電流電驛設定，且計算次數較低，最佳結果的開始收歛時間較短。
因此可利用免疫演算法，計算過電流保護電驛於電力網路中的協調設定值，藉著電腦的快速計算，來取代人力的經驗法則計算，使得過電流保護電驛的協調設定能得到正確、電驛啟動時間短的結果。

關鍵字

免疫演算法 ； 過電流保護電驛 ； 保護協調 ； 電力系統 ； 免疫演算法

並列摘要

The purposes of relay setings is mainly due to the power of the accident, to quickly start circuit breakers. If the relay which is near the area of the accident couldn’t start circuit breakers, the another relay which is near the power supply must start circuit breakers. This one is called backup relay. It must be to avoid the start circuit breaker time of the backup relay than the primary relay in the fault current, let power outage area is extended. Backup relay setings often added a delay time, the primary relay make sure to start circuit breakers before the backup relay. This delay time is called Coordinationn Time Interva1. To make the power outage caused the accident area is minimized. According to the traditional rule of thumb by the engineers to set each relay, not only be time-consuming, but also be difficult to achieve the minimum setting start time.
This paper presents the calculation of the immune algorithm, looking for coordination optimization settings of the over-current relay. Immune algorithm is one of optimization algorithm. It is similar to genetic algorithm. In addition to genetic algorithms in the mating, reproduction and mutation operation steps, which to join the memory antibody configuration, antibody policy, and the mutation of light key of new operational procedures. It make the best of search, to speed up the search for the best power system overcurrent relay settings.
This paper used the radial power network and loop power network as an examples. It used genetic algorithms and immune algorithms to calculate the over-current relay settings. It compared the two, that the immune algorithm to find the best coordination settings of overcurrent protection relay, and a lower number of calculations, the best results of convergence time is shorter.
Therefore, the immune algorithm can be used to calculate overcurrent relays coordination in the electricity network settings by computer, and to replace the human rule of thumb calculation. It make the coordination setting of overcurrent relays can be more correcter. and the results of relays start-up time are short.

並列關鍵字

Immune Algorithm ； Over Current Relay ； Coordination ； Power System ； Genetic Algorithm

參考文獻

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