應用遙感探測資料評估水稻田之涼化效應影響距離

Assessing affected distance of cooling effect of paddy fields by using remote sensing data

饒朝智(Chao-Chih Jao)

指導教授 ： 朱子偉 ； 譚智宏

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2010.00060

摘要

台灣地區水稻田之種植以漫灌為主，其灌溉用水量比之一般作物為大。水稻田生長及湛水產生之蒸發散可吸收空氣及地表之熱量，產生降低周圍溫度之涼化效應，對農村或鄰近都市等具溫度緩和的功用，對於近年全球面臨之氣候暖化問題，水稻田的存在亦可緩與平衡區域氣溫。
目前對於水稻田所產生之涼化效應相關之試驗及研究甚少，其主要原因在不易於同一時間取得大量水稻田周邊溫度，而針對此情況可利用衛星影像俱有涵蓋面積廣泛及同時性等特點加以解決，此法相較於傳統的測量方式可大幅節省時間及人力。
本研究之目的為評估水稻田於不同時期對於低密度與高密度建成區之涼化效應影響距離。由於桃園地區遍佈池塘以及農田，都市緊臨著農田，水稻田產生之涼化效應更易彰顯，故研究收集美國大地衛星於2005年至2010年期間所拍攝桃園地區之影像，並以正規化差異植生指標(NDVI)及正規化差異濕度指標(NDMI)推估溫度反演之地表比輻射率參數，再應用普郎克定律進行地表溫度的反演，最後以水稻田和不同土地利用之交界線為中線，向內外取得距離-溫度之改變量，以探討水稻田之涼化效應所影響之距離。
本研究之主要發現包括：(1)針對水稻田不同時期，在生長階段之涼化效應影響距離約為110m、插秧階段約為90m、本田階段約為80m，及最後湛田階段之影響距離約105m;(2)對於不同土地利用的影響發現，水田涼化效應對於低密度以及高密度建成區之影響距離各約為100m以及90m。

關鍵字

涼化效應 ； Landsat ； 衛星遙測 ； 水稻田

並列摘要

Rice is the staple and vital food crop for the people in Asia and is also the major production crop in Taiwan. The paddy is mainly by flood irrigation, which consumes more water than the other crops. The planting cycle of paddy can be classified into four periods： pounding, growth, strain of corn and after reap in general. Two of the four cycles, pounding and growth, must be irrigated in order for the paddy to grow up. Because of the irrigation, the heat in air and land can be absorb, produce lower temperature in ambient of paddy, that is called the cooling effect. For recent years, the global warming problem, the paddy field can alleviate and balance the regional temperature ; it can be one of the nature solutions.
The studier of the cooling effect by paddy field were few because of it is hard to get the temperature around the paddy field in the same time, and the temperature data record in the weather station only stand for point data or small field, most of the weather stations located in the metro area, distributed near the paddy field were very few, for those reasons the data can’t proceed to analyze and estimate the influence distance of the cooling effect.
As the development of remote sensing technology becomes mature, remote sensing data have the attribute of instantaneous and wide range of areas. Remote sensing data can be used more extensively and save more time and more human resources compare to the traditional measurement.
Therefore, this study utilize the thermal bands of Landsat-7 satellite dated from 2005 to 2010 and match with the different planting cycle of paddy , to analyze and estimate. The study area of this study is focus on Taoyuan, because of the paddy in Taoyuan were very close to metro area, it’s good for analyze and estimate the influence distance of the cooling effect and use the ERDAS software to derive the land surface temperatures. Use the boundary line of paddy with metro area to buffer in the same distance, using this way to analyze and estimate the influence distance of the cooling effect.

並列關鍵字

Landsat 7 ； The cooling effect ； Remote sensing ； paddy field

參考文獻

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