低壓微電網系統故障分析及最佳保護協調規劃

Fault Analysis and Optimal Planning of Protection Coordination for Low Voltage Microgrid System

蘇士揚(Shih-Yang Su)

指導教授 ： 周至如

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/電機工程系研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2012.00098

摘要

本論文針對低壓微電網供電系統進行其保護協調最佳規劃，其中以「模擬退火（Simulated Annealing, SA）法」為基礎以建立最佳化數學模式，包括目標函數及限制函數之建立，前者主要考慮保護電驛之成本及其所需之比流器及比壓器之成本。至於限制函數主要考慮保護協調需求的限制條件，包括各保護電驛設定參數之限制條件及主保護與後衛保護之間的時間協調之限制條件。此外欲進行保護協調之規劃必須先進行故障分析。為此，本文搜尋出最佳解。文中首先描述微電網供電系統之特性，及常用保護電驛特性。以電磁暫態分析軟體(EMTP/ATP)建構低壓微電網供電系統ATP模型，應用次模型將針對微電網系統的主匯流排、饋線及電源之不同故障類型，包含模型分析相間故障及接地故障，藉此ATP模擬分析，可獲得故障期間不同位置之電壓及電流之變化及相關數據，以便進行保護電驛之規劃。最後本文發展以模擬退火法為基礎之求解法則以搜尋最佳解，並使用MATLAB軟件為開發程式以實現法則，應用實際進行規劃，其結果驗證模擬退火法可用於微電網保護協調之最佳規劃，獲得最低成本之最佳規劃，達成具有經濟性考量且具有保護協調之最佳規劃。

關鍵字

低壓微電網系統 ； 保護電驛 ； 保護協調 ； 模擬退火法

並列摘要

In this thesis, the optimal planning of protection coordination for low voltage microgrid system based on Simulated Annealing (SA) method is proposed. The characteristics of the micro-grid supply system, and common-used relay characteristics are first described. Next,the problem formulation of protection coordination optimization is constructed in which the objective function and constraint functions are derived. The costs of protective relays and the required voltage transformer (VT) and current transformer (CT) are considered in the objective function, while the constraint functions include the seting parameters constraint of each relay and the constraints of time coordination requirements between primary protection and backup protection. In addition, the fault analysis is required for implemecting the protection coordination. This thesis uses the alternative transient program(ATP) of the electromagnetic transient program(EMTP) to construct the model (ATP model) of a low voltage micro-grid system, based on ATP model various types of faults on the main bus、feeder and source terminals of mico-grid system, include the phase-to-phase faults and phase-to-groud faults, the numberical results and the variation of voltages and currents at different points during faults are obtained from ATP simulation for protection coordination planning. Finally, the solution algorithm based on simulated annealing (SA) method is developed for searching the optimal solution of protection coordination. The program of SA solution algorithm is developed based on MATLAB. The developed program is used on a practical case to certify the SA method and is applicable for optimal planning of protection coordination with minimum cost.

並列關鍵字

Low Voltage Microgrid System ； Digital relays ； Protective coordination ； Simulated Annealing

參考文獻

[22] 莊家祥，低壓微電網供電系統故障特性分析及保護協調研究，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學，民100

[36] 羅文聰，微電網系統保護協調分析，碩士論文，私立中原大學，民99。

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