「我一生中，只有虛無、熱諷、輕蔑和高潮嗎？」：伍迪．艾倫電影中倫理道德探討

幽默不只是伍迪．艾倫的電影中搞笑的主題。艾倫的電影中充斥著許多複雜的道德議題，而我們想知道他的電影是否為倫理片。我認為，在曼哈頓、愛與罪及解構哈利中，艾倫重新表述西方傳統的老舊道德觀。他有自己的美國夢和主觀的倫理思想。因為他的看法不但複雜、矛盾，又不同於其他人的道德體系，所以我們既不能斷定他的電影完全與道德不相關，也不能將其視為倫理片。我之所以選這三部電影來做討論，是因為他們能讓我們思考不同的道德觀念。在這三部電影中，艾倫以以撒、猶大與哈利來表明他的現代道德觀。在曼哈頓中，以撒有自己的美國夢，尤其是誠信的美德。然而，因為當以撒了解到他沒辦法在一個腐敗的社會中實現他的美國夢，他的夢想就破滅了，所以這部電影也代表美國夢的幻滅。愛與罪中，有個主要的矛盾道德議題：在現代的社會中，因為我們是不完美的，而且在尋求我們的愛與幸福時，我們的行為經常是自私的，所以我們想知道是否能夠不只快樂地生活，又能遵守道德規範。在解構哈利中，我們看到，在一個由普遍道德體系管制的社會裡，雖然哈利和艾倫主觀的倫理思想帶來一定程度的幸福，但是也讓他們與其他人疏遠。

關鍵字

伍迪艾倫；倫理；美國夢；誠信；正義

並列摘要

Humor is often more than a laughing matter in the films of Woody Allen. He fills his films with many complicated moral issues, but we are left wondering if his films are ethical or not. I argue that in Manhattan, Crimes and Misdemeanors, and Deconstructing Harry Woody Allen reformulates older concepts of classical western ethics for his generation. He has his own version of the American dream and his own subjective ethics. His views are complicated, paradoxical, and different from other people’s ethical system, so we cannot judge his films as completely unethical or ethical. The reason why I choose these three films for my discussion on ethics is that they (these films) force us to contemplate different ethical perspectives. Allen uses Isaac, Judah, and Harry in these three films to show his concepts of modern ethics. In Manhattan, Isaac has his own concept of the American dream, which depends heavily on the ethical virtue of integrity. However, this film also represents the decay of the American dream because Isaac is disillusioned when he realizes that he will never achieve his dreams in his corrupt society. The paradoxical moral issue in Crimes and Misdemeanors is mainly that we wonder if we can live ethically and happily in our modern society because we are imperfect and usually act selfishly when we pursue our love and our happiness. In Deconstructing Harry, we can see that both Harry and Allen have their subjective ethics, which bring a measure of happiness, but still alienate them from others in a society which is regulated by a system of universal ethics.

並列關鍵字

Woody Allen ； ethics ； the American dream ； integrity ； justice

參考文獻

WORKS CITED

Aristotle. The Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. David Ross. Rev. J. L. Ackrill and J. O. Urmson. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998.

───. On The Art of Poetry. Trans. Ingram Bywater. Oxford: Clarendon P, 1962.

Kogan, Michael S.. Opening the Covenant, A Jewish Theology of Christianity. New York: Oxford UP, 2008.

Miola, Robert S.. “I Could Not Say ‘Amen’: Prayer and Providence in Macbeth.”Shakespeare's Christianity : the Protestant and Catholic poetics of Julius Caesar, Macbeth, and Hamlet. Ed. E. Beatrice Batson. Waco: Baylor UP, 2006. 57-71.

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「我一生中，只有虛無、熱諷、輕蔑和高潮嗎？」：伍迪．艾倫電影中倫理道德探討

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