- 學位論文
大型離岸風場考慮線損與尾流效應之佈線最佳化研究
Optimal Layout of TheLarge Offshore Wind Farms Considering Line Loss and Wake Effect
摘要
離岸式風場的建置在全世界上使用越來越普及，一個典型的離岸式風場可能有數百台的發電機組，它的範圍可從幾平方公里沿伸到幾十平方公里遠。因此在離岸式風場內風力機的建置及纜線配置規劃有著許多可行的方案，而規劃者必須從這些可行的方案中來選擇最佳的一個，通常選擇最大的風力發電量輸出及最低的建置和運轉成本。 本研究探討離岸式風場在固定的風機台數及有限的區域條件下，在風場內採用最佳化排列來使得風力發電機能夠產生最大功率，並在風機建置完畢後，執行風場的線路配置，藉由考慮線損及尾流效應的影響下，獲得最佳的風場建置方式。本文考慮風機與風機間的尾流效應造成之風能損耗，透過基因演算法作風場最佳化排列，讓風能的損耗達到最低；線路配置方面採用輻射型接線方式，並且以不同線徑的纜線去做線路配置，以便與實際情況相符合，然後以蟻拓演算法尋求最佳路徑之特性套用至線路配置內，來得出線路配置成本最佳化。 本研究並以未來澎湖離岸風力發電系統為例，所求出之風機位置及纜線之佈線方式均比傳統方式獲得更大效益。本研究對於未來規劃離岸式風場的建設公司，能輔助在系統規劃時提供更適當的考量目標。
並列摘要
The interest in the utilization of offshore wind power is increasing significantly worldwide. There are hundreds of generators in a typical offshore wind farm, which is outspread in the range of several to tens kilometers. There are many feasible schemes for the turbines layout and internal electric connection system in the offshore wind farm. The planner must find an optimal solution to the problem, which is usually the maximum power output, lowest install and operation cost. In this study, the configuration of the offshore wind farms with fixed quantity of turbines and the finite area is valid by using the optimal layout of wind turbines(WTs) to produce maximum power. After WTs are constructed and the optimal layout of a radial network is implemented, we apply genetic algorithm to optimize the arrangement of WTs in consideration of minimizing the energy loss caused by the wake effect among the turbines. Moreover, in order to consist with the realistic system, using radial network for the cable connection and considering various diameters of feeders are necessary. Then we apply characteristics of ant colony system about finding the optimal path to obtain the minimal cost of cable connection and turbines layout. In this paper, we take Penghu offshore wind farms as an example. The obtained result of WTs layout and cable connection is more efficient than the traditional configurations. Besides, this research provides construction company a more appropriate design of planning offshore wind farms in the future .