軸向氣隙永磁同步馬達之驅動控制

On the Control of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor

江紘興(Hung-Hsing Chiang)

指導教授 ： 黃明熙

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/電機工程系研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2012.00115

摘要

為改善傳統以數位霍爾感測元件作為轉子磁場位置感測元件，於馬達啟動與低速運轉需用六步波驅動而造成振動與噪音過大之缺點，本文提出以三只線性霍爾元件量取轉子磁場位置之方法，並經由轉矩與低轉速控制一只軸向氣隙馬達，來驗證所提方法之有效性。本文將三只線性霍爾元件安置於馬達定子以量取轉子磁場位置，由於轉子磁石之磁通分布不均勻或因手工安置感測元件所造成安裝位置不精確等原因，使得線性霍爾元件輸出訊號存在轉子轉速頻率之次諧波與諧波成分，導致轉子磁場位置之量測不準確，為了得到一個更精確的轉子位置訊號，本文以軟體運算方式將所量測之訊號進行電氣諧波消除與峰值變動補償，使線性霍爾元件輸出訊號近似三相平衡之正弦波，如此，軸向氣隙永磁同步馬達於靜止啟動即可進入向量控制而大幅改善六步波驅動所衍生之問題。
為降低馬達頓轉矩，首先由模擬軟體分析軸向氣隙永磁同步馬達之頓轉矩，隨後以扭力計量取頓轉矩並與模擬資料進行驗證與修正，並提出以查表為基礎之頓轉矩補償方法並以實驗驗證該方法之有效性。另外，對軸向氣隙永磁同步馬達進行低轉速控制以分析有無頓轉矩補償對低速之影響。
最後，以數位訊號處理(TMS32028035)建構驅動器，以一只軸向氣隙永磁同步馬達作為載具，由軟體實現所提法則以驗證本文所提方法之有效性。

關鍵字

軸向氣隙永磁同步馬達 ； 線性霍爾元件 ； 頓轉矩

並列摘要

In order to reduce acoustic noise and vibration yielded by six-step voltage control for PMSM with digital hall-effect sensor as rotor flux-position sensor, this thesis presents a rotor magnetic flux position detection method with three linear hall- effect sensors and validates the proposed method on an AFPM motor through torque and low speed control. The linear hall-effect sensors are installed in stator to detect the rotor flux of AFPM motor. Duo to the uneven distribution of rotor flux or inaccurate installed positions of sensor by hand, the output signals of linear hall-effect sensors may exist sub harmonics and harmonics of rotor speed to cause inaccurately measured rotor flux position. In order to get more accuracy of rotor flux position, elimination of harmonics and mitigation of variable peak values are proposed to let the output signals of linear hall-effect sensors be nearly three-phase balanced sinusoidal signal by software. Hence, the AFPM motor can be operated from standstill using vector control to improve the defect caused from six-step voltage controlled method.
For cutting down cogging torque of AFPM motor, a simulated result of cogging torque is derived from JMAG first. Then, the simulated result will be confirmed and modified by actual test. Therefore, a cogging torque mitigation method based on look-up table is provided and validated by experimental results. Moreover, some low speed control tested results are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed cogging torque mitigation method.
Finally, a DSP MS320F28035-based motor drive is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods on an AFPM motor.

並列關鍵字

AFPM motor ； Linear Hall-effect sensors ； Cogging torque

參考文獻

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[17]張智凱，具低解析度轉子磁場位置回授之永磁同步馬達驅動器研製，國立台北科技大學電機工程系碩士學位論文，民國九十九年。

[22]辜重興，具有弱磁控制之電動載具用永磁同步馬達驅動器研製，國立台北科技大學電機工程系碩士學位論文，民國九十九年。

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