各類磁磚對黏著劑效能影響之研究

The Study of Cement Based Tile Adhesive’s Performance with Different Type of the Tiles

李仲誼(Chung-Yi Lee)

指導教授 ： 林至聰

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2013.00109

摘要

隨著磁磚工業發展及生活品質提昇，使用者基於裝修美觀考量，希望面磚尺寸越大越好，而對面磚吸水率則希望越低越好，面磚的材質也就更顯緻密及表面孔隙率更顯稀少，因此，傳統水泥砂漿添加聚合物所製成黏著劑，倚靠砂漿與面磚背面溝槽結合及崁入孔隙所形成之機械咬合力，已無法提供足夠黏著強度，需另藉由聚合物改性砂漿於黏結界面產生橋接作用之化學和物理接著力，以進行提供足夠黏著強度。傳統水泥砂漿添加聚合物，於工地現場進行拌合而成，品質管制無法達到嚴謹要求，且對於施工現場堆置場地及環境保護亦有不良影響；水泥砂漿以工業化方式生產，解決了傳統水泥砂漿原存在的各項問題，生產方式的演進，提供了配比更加精確及拌合程度更加均勻的乾拌砂漿，各種提供不同使用需求的性能砂漿，透過配比設計及試驗應證成果後，流通使用於各種不同環境中。
各類面磚之表面性質(如溝槽形式，孔隙率，脫模劑附著等)對磁磚黏著劑效能展現會產生影響，因此在各國家標準中對於面磚試體準備及前置作業各有其要求，以求試驗結果客觀，於美國國家標準ANSI、歐盟標準EN及中國大陸建材行業標準中，對於不同吸水率面磚訂定不同養護條件下黏結強度不同標準，或對於不同材質黏著劑黏結強度測試訂有不同吸水率面磚試體使用的規定，獲得磁磚黏著劑受各類面磚吸水率影響之構思。因此，本次研究利用國內市場流通廠牌吸水率顯有差異之三種不同種類面磚，與分別符合歐盟標準 EN 12004 標準養護條件C1等級要求及全性能養護條件C2等級要求之二種磁磚黏著劑進行試驗。利用黏著劑抗壓及抗拉試驗結果，套用砂漿彈性模數經驗迴歸公式，推估黏著劑彈性模數，以驗證不同等級磁磚黏著劑彈性模數差異。透過黏著劑使用於不同面磚上，以標準養護條件黏著性能試驗，顯現磁磚黏著劑效能確實在不同吸水率各類面磚上有不同程度的展現，且由標準養護條件抗拉黏著強度石板磚高於陶質磚及拋光石英磚的結果，發現磁磚黏著劑使用於吸水率為2.68％面磚時效能展現相對較佳，推論黏著劑黏結力與面磚吸水率間交互影響及面磚材料強度等均為影響磁磚黏著劑效能展現因素之一。在進行耐水養護及耐熱養護條件下，不同吸水率各類面磚與黏著劑28天齡期抗拉黏著強度及剪力黏著強度的結果，驗證了符合歐盟 EN12004全性能養護條件規定C2等級高效能黏著劑，可在不同吸水率各類面磚中提供完整性能展現。

關鍵字

磁磚 ； 面磚 ； 吸水率 ； 砂漿 ； 黏著劑 ； 抗拉黏著強度 ； 剪力黏著強度

並列摘要

As tile industry made progress and living standard uplifted , due to esthetic concern , tile users demand bigger size tile , tile with less porosity and less water absorption rate .The trend however produce a problem to the traditional cement sand mortar served as the tile adhesive which is unable to produce sufficient bonding strength to the modern tiles even with grooved backing .Only modern tile adhesive with polymer modified characters can generate sufficient bonding strength required. Traditional cement sand mortars are often mixed on site different mixing ratio caused quality issues are always a concern to the site engineers , in addition to find a proper storage site and environmental protection measurements also causing various problems. On the other hand modern dry functional mortar producers can easily solve the problems with factory or bag production which includes a designed formula to match different requirements , overall precise raw materials quality control and accurate dosage and pre-mixing before bagged and deliver to site.
Various characters of the tile ( shape of the groove backing, porosity of the tile, mold releasing agents used ) affects the performance of the tile adhesives .For objective test measurements ,various national standards such as ANSI , EN and JC/T all have specific procedures to prepare the test specimen , under different water absorption rate of the tile with different curing conditions relevant strength requirements are set and the strength of the different grade of tile adhesive can be identified with variance tile water absorption rate. This research paper is using 3 types of tile with different water absorption rate cross check with two different grades of tile adhesive from a single manufacturer , one tile adhesives used is classified as less than C1 normal grade , similar to the traditional cement sand mortar and the other one is a C2 polymer modified improved grade fully complied with EN12004 classification. Apply mortar empirical regression formula of elastic modulus, to verify that different grades of tile adhesive actually have different readings on their elastic modulus. In the laboratory conducting both tensile pull off strength and shear strength measurements, under standard curing condition different tiles with different water absorption rate do show different strength readings, under standard room air curing condition the tensile pull off strength of the stoneware tile is higher than fully vitrified tile and porcelain tile , tile with water absorption rate 2.68％ result in higher tensile pull off readings, seems rather reasonable that the adhesion strength of the tile adhesive is affected by the tile water absorption rate and the strength of the tile itself. . In addition to the standard air curing of the specimen , emerged water curing and heat storage curing conditions are also conducted according to EN standard which further verified that only an improved polymer modified tile adhesive can have sufficient bonding strength to all various tiles with different water absorption rate

並列關鍵字

ceramic tile ； water absorption rate ； mortar ； adhesive ； elastic modulus ； tensile pull off strength ； shear bonding strength

參考文獻

11、李文田，磁磚工程粘著材料之試驗與研究，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學，台北，2005。

13、Momayez、Ramezanianpour、Rajaie、Ehsani，「Bi-Surface Shear Test for Evaluating Bound between Existing and New Concrete」，ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL，March-April，p99-p100，2004。

19、ANSI 118.4，「American national standard specifications for latex-portland cement mortar」，1999。

22、蕭博元，丙烯酸粉體聚合物與強塑劑運用於水泥砂漿之反應影響研究，碩士論文，國立中央大學，桃園，2007。

1、林義富，瓷磚黏著力研究，碩士論文，建國科技大學，彰化，2012。