壓電式汲能電路於無線感測模組之應用

Piezoelectric Energy-harvesting Circuit for Wireless Sensor Modules

曾耀萱(Tzeng,Yau-Shiuan)

指導教授 ： 練光祐

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/電能轉換與控制產業碩士專班/碩士(2014年)

摘要

本研究主要目的於設計振動汲能系統，並實際應用於ZigBee無線感測模組。振動汲能系統的概念是藉由收集環境中，源自於振動的機械能轉換成電能，將其做為後續電子裝置之電源。諸多振動汲能系統因擷取能量微小，需藉由外部電源或蓄電池做為電子裝置的輔助電源，因而降低了實質應用與便利性。因壓電材料所產生出之能量微乎其微，僅約5~9mW，除耗電量微小的感測模組外，無法直接驅動一般常見的電子裝置，所以本研究選擇低功率的無線感測模組為應用目標。
本文使用Arduino LilyPad 微控制器與超級電容結合，來對於壓電材料所轉換出之能量與無線感測器之資料加以管理與控制，然而微控制器本身需要16.84mW給予驅動，所以本研究使用4片壓電材料做為電能擷取的目標。因壓電材料的特性，輸入電流為μ級安培，但最大開路電壓約數十伏特，所以微控制器前端必須藉由能量傳遞電路與直流至直流轉換器做為輸入端之控制與保護，再由微控制器啟動達到監控、節能(休眠模式)及資料傳輸處理。本系統並不需要外加電源與蓄電池，所有電力能源皆由壓電材料供給，實現了電源自給自足的目標。

關鍵字

壓電材料 ； 汲能系統 ； ZigBee ； 無線感測模組

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study is to design a vibratory energy-harvesting system and integrate it with a ZigBee wireless sensor module. The concept behind the vibratory energy-harvesting system is collecting mechanical vibration energy and transforming it into electrical energy, which can be used as a supplying power for any electronic device. Most of the available vibratory energy harvesters (VEHs) capture only minute amounts of energy, as a result external power supplies or battery are required as auxiliary power sources. This, thereby, reduces the practicality and convenience of VEHs. Besides the additional power consumption by the sensing modules, the energy generated by the piezoelectric material is a minimal of about 5 ~ 9mW making it inadequate for driving any general common electronic device. Therefore the goal of this study is study the application on low-power wireless sensor modules.
In this study, the Arduino LilyPad microcontroller is used in conjunction with a super capacitor to manage and control both the energy converted by the piezoelectric material and the data from the wireless sensor. However, this study uses four pieces of piezoelectric material for the 16.84 mW required by the microcontroller alone . The differences between input current of the piezoelectric material (on the μ level) and the maximum open-circuit voltage (multiples of 10V) makes it necessary to place energy storage, transmission circuit and a DC-DC converter at the front-end of the microcontroller for the control and protection of the input node. the microcontroller, control, energy saving (sleep mode) and data transmission process are achieved. As the system does not require any external power and batteries due to the adequate amount of power provided by the piezoelectric material, the objective of power self-sufficiency is achieved.

並列關鍵字

Piezoelectric material ； energy harvester ； energy-harvesting ； ZigBee ； wireless sensing module

參考文獻

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