奈米黏土/改質膨脹型阻燃劑於HDPE防火相乘效應之研究

Synergistic Effect of Nanoclay/Modified Intumescent Flame-Retardant on Fire Retardancy of HDPE

吳維哲(Wei-Zhe Wu)

指導教授 ： 郭文正

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/化學工程研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究係以開發高效能之膨脹型阻燃劑為目標，利用三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂對聚磷酸銨進行微膠囊化(MFAPP)，在膨脹型阻燃劑內導入少量奈米黏土，以降低樣片燃燒時所產生碳渣的流動性，同時提高碳化層的耐熱性，製備出高性能阻燃高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)。首先利用XRD來觀察奈米黏土的分散狀況，並測試LOI、UL-94及CONE等耐燃性質，並分析熱穩定性及機械性質。
實驗結果顯示，MFAPP能提升奈米黏土的分散性，呈現插層及脫層的型態，增加與高分子的相容性。隨著奈米黏土取代量的增加，能有效提升複合材料之LOI值及UL-94等級。燃燒測試結果顯示，MFAPP與奈米黏土的相乘效應能有效降低熱釋放率及發煙量。此外，添加奈米黏土也能進一步改善阻燃HDPE之機械性質。
綜合上述結果，以試片組成代號為MF-2.0C-25%其LOI值為28.5，並達到V-0等級；在熱釋放率及煙濃度分別降低62 %及46.1 %；抗張強度為16.22 MPa，且斷裂伸長量達6.43 %。此樣品不僅具備阻燃性，也能維持一定的機械強度。

關鍵字

高密度聚乙烯 ； 奈米黏土 ； 聚磷酸銨 ； 微膠囊 ； 阻燃性

並列摘要

In this study, to develop high performance intumescent flame retardant as the target. We microencapsulated ammonium phosphate with a melamine-formaldehyde resin (MFAPP) and used nanoclay to enhance the combustion and strength of composite materials, to prepare flame retardant high density polyethylene (HDPE). The flame retardant actions of composite materials are studied using LOI, UL-94 and CONE test, and their machanical property is evaluated by pulling machine.
The results showed that MFAPP upgrade the dispersion of nanoclay, showing intercalated and exfoliated in matrix observed by XRD. With the increase of nanoclay, effectively increase LOI value and UL-94 grade. CONE test results showed the synergistic effect of MFAPP/nanoclay effective in reducing heat release rate and extinction coefficient. In addition, the nanoclay also improve the machanical property of flame retardant HDPE.
In conclusion, the flame retardant effect and machanical property of sample code MF-2.0C-25% is better. Its LOI value is 28.5 and UL-94 is raised to V-0; the HRR and EC reduced 62% and 46.1% respectively; tensile strength is 16.22 MPa and elongation at break is 6.43%. It’s not only have flammability but also maintain a certain mechanical strength.

並列關鍵字

HDPE ； nanoclay ； APP ； microencapsulation ； flame retardant

參考文獻

[52].黃春萍，「金屬氫氧化物與奈米黏土於EVA防火相乘效應之研究」，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學化學工程研究所，2005。

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