杜普勒流速儀在高流量觀測上之應用

Application of Min ADP to Discharge Measurement during High Flow

楊孝忠(Shiau-Jung Yang)

指導教授 ： 陳彥璋

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2006.00065

摘要

台灣河川因地形及暴雨特性，颱風時期所帶來之暴雨應於極短之時間內即造成集水區溪水暴漲，其水大湍急，且風勢甚大，嚴重威脅到量測人員的安危。此外河川豐枯季節流量相差甚殊，高水位時期流量量測極其不易，但此等水文資料又為水資源分析規劃與水庫操作、設計之重要依據。
高流量時期為變量流，一些需先假設流況為穩定流之流速分佈理論和傳統的量測儀器都已不太適用於此了，因此有必要利用有別於傳統之方法觀測流量。本研究流量觀測區域位於魚逮魚崛溪之大林橋、及北勢溪之水源橋與金瓜寮溪之金瓜寮三站，並使用改良後之聲波杜普勒剖面測速儀Min ADP安裝於一60磅重的載具上以貨車之懸吊系統實際量測洪水，其儀器體積小、方便攜帶及安裝。使用時無需完全沉入水中，只需浸沒接觸水面即可於短時間內測取所需之流速資料及水深，並配合以機率觀念為基礎之邱氏流速分佈理論，推求該垂線及斷面之平均流速，進而以中斷面法作流量之快速計算，可提升中高流量觀測之精度。
集水區中高流量之資料極缺乏應加強資料之蒐集以供進一步之研究，隨著量測儀器的開發及改良，亦希望能將此量測概念建立於集水區流量觀測自動化量測系統上。

關鍵字

高流量時期 ； Min ADP ； 邱氏流速分佈理論 ； 中斷面法

並列摘要

The rainstorm causes a flood immediately at the watershed and wind is strong when typhoon is coming, so the measurers are not unsafe extremely in Taiwan. In addition, it is hard to measure the flow discharges during the high flow stages. These data, however, are very important for the water resources planning.
Some velocity distribution theorems that assume the flow to be steady and the conventional methods are almost impossible to be applied to measure discharge during high flow. We use Min ADP that is lightly and easy to setup for measuring at Darling, Xuiyuang and Jingualiao. The equipment does not have to merge in water when it be used. It can get the data including velocity and depth immediately. We hope to promote the precision and the efficiency of discharge calculating by Chiu`s Velocity Distribution and the Mid-Section Method.
The data of high flow are scarce at the watershed. In this study, we hope to establish the discharge automeasuring system at the watershed for the equipments developing and improving.

並列關鍵字

High Flow ； Min ADP ； Chiu`s Method ； Mid-Section Method

參考文獻

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[4] Chiu, C. L., “Entropy and 2D velocity distribution in open channels”, J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 114(7), 1988.

[5] Coles, D., “The law of wake in the Turbulent Boundary Layer”, Journal of Fluid Mech., No.1., 1956.