- 學位論文
混合型再生能源LED路燈與電池電量管理整合系統開發
LED Lighting and Battery Management Development for Hybrid Renewable Energy System
摘要
本研究在實驗案場─奇美電子/群創光電 (竹南園區)中大門口，實地建置六套混合型再生能源供電於雙負載LED路燈照明系統，其中，由於再生能源不穩定性以及負載端需要穩定供電，造成儲能元件頻繁充、放電進而讓壽命急遽減少，迫使提前更換電池致使投資成本間接提升，對於未來要完全依靠儲能系統來減少市電的供電照明，也成為一大挑戰性；為此，本文將探討並開發電池電量管理控制系統，以保護並延長電池壽命。 在實際案場安裝發電與氣象監測平臺，收集一年來的發電與氣象數據，並從發電、氣象數據分析，乃至於對磷酸鋰鐵電池做充、放電相關性探討，進而衍生三大控制邏輯；一為電壓、電流上限設定來判別切換時機，二為超級電容的物理性儲能做為輔助中繼點，三為利用LED晶粒可序列控制之特性，開發負載放電脈衝寬度調變(Pulse Width Modulation, PWM)控制。控制模組可準確將電池充電趨勢穩定於過放與過充電區間，藉此控制可讓磷酸鋰鐵電池趨緩充、放速度，於日間充電可以趨緩83%的充電速度，讓電池反應可以更完整；夜間同時充與放電可以趨緩80%的充、放速度，並且減少電池循環次數。 本文將開發的控制模組進行多組測試，而經過實驗結果證實，本控制方式在日間充電可緩和充電速度，讓電池內部反應更可完整並充入較大的電容量；而在夜間充、放電同時進行時，會讓磷酸鋰鐵電池只做單一性放電並與超級電容互相供電於LED，而隨著電容量降低PWM輸出電流亦會降低，小幅度減少LED亮度，此方式可減緩電池放電速度避免過放電。在電容量殘存的部分，夜間充、放電截止電量結果，本控制可多出10%的電容量。
並列摘要
The on-site experiments of this study were conducted at the entrance gates of Chemei/Innolux Corporation (Jhunan Science Park). Six sets of hybrid renewable power supply systems were constructed for LED road illuminating. For the reasons of unstable supply of renewable power and demand of stability on load side, the energy storage parts went on charging and discharging cycle frequently. To the end, would cause the decrease of battery life cycle and replace parts in shorter period which means increase of cost. This problem will be the main challenge when use the storage energy system to take place of grid power for illuminating. In this study, battery management system was developed and investigated to protect and enlogate the battery life cycle. The experiments were conducted for one year and power supply and weather information was collected continuously. By analyzing those data and charging/discharging characteristics of LiFePO4 , we developed three power control logic processes. The first is to set current and voltage upper limitations as the timing of power shift. The second is to employ super capacitor as temporary auxiliary power storage device. The third is to harness the serializability of the LED grain to develop Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control processes. With the help of the three logic processes, the power management system could precisely control the charging states stably between over-charging and over-discharging. Charging was slower 83% in daytime. Charging and discharging were slower 80% at night. Also, the system could decrease the charging and discharging speed of LiFePO4 battery and extend the period of cycle. After conducting the experiments repeatedly, the results showed that the power management system could slow down the charging during daytime. There was enough time for the chemical reaction inside the battery which would promote the capacity. During night, the LiFePO4 battery only went on constant short charging and the super capacitor took turn to supply power to LED. However, when the capacity of capacitor decreased the PWM output current decreased also. The brightness of LED diminished. The battery discharging speed were retarded to avoid over-discharging. With the control of power management system the battery capacity increased 10% during night time charging and discharging.