無電解電容與單級控制之三相具電氣隔離車用電池充電器設計

The Design of an Electrolytic Capacitor-less and Single-Stage Controlled Three-Phase Isolated Battery Charger for EV Applications

謝曜竹(Yao-Zhu Hsieh)

指導教授 ： 黃明熙

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/電機工程系研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2012.00196

摘要

傳統之較大輸出功率之電池充電器多使用交流-直流與具電氣隔離之直流-直流轉換器兩級串接架構，為降低輸出電流漣波多於交流-直流模組使用大容量之電解電容，不僅使充電器之體積變大且亦降低壽命。本文提出以低容值與壽命長之薄膜電容、單級驅動架構與有效之控制策略來改善傳統車用電池充電器之缺點。系統分為三相全波整流模組、電流饋入之電氣隔離升-降壓轉換器與單相全波整流模組等三級串接，使用一只47μF薄膜電容於單相全波整流模組之輸出端，作為串接功率模組切換所需的電流緩衝。經由轉換器小訊號模型與電池交流阻抗之量測與建模作為電流控制器設計之參考，可有效地抑制三相整流模組之輸出電壓漣波對充電電流之影響。另外，由電感、全橋電路與變壓器所建構之電流饋入升-降壓轉換器，因輕載時具有零電壓切換及單級切換架構，可大幅提升系統效率。
為驗證所提架構與控制策略之有效性，以數位訊號處理器做為控制核心，建構具水冷4kW的測試平台，並以軟體實現所提控制策略。經由測試，所提系統輸出電壓範圍為50V至400V，且對250V/20Ah之鋰電池進行充電其電流漣波小於額定電流之4%、1C充電之效率高於94%、與功率因數可達0.93，該結果滿足車用電池充電器之規範(CHAdeMO)。

關鍵字

電池充電器 ； 無電解電容 ； 電流漣波

並列摘要

This paper presents a new electrolytic capacitor-less and single-stage controlled three-phase battery charger with electrical isolation to provide wide-range output voltage for EV applications. To achieve this, a three-phase rectifier cascaded by a current-feed isolated buck-boost converter is proposed to yield DC voltage output and eliminate the bulk electrolytic capacitor installed behind the rectifier. Therefore, the lifetime of charger can be dramatically extended. Duo to without bulk electrolytic capacitor, there exists large ripple voltage at the output of three-phase rectifier. A design procedure of the controller with high rejection for voltage disturbance is developed to mitigate the current and voltage ripples for charging battery. Besides, the power factor compared to traditional rectifier is improved by the proposed single-stage topology simultaneously. Due to ZVS in light load and single stage switching architecture for the proposed charger, the efficiency is increased.
Experimental results derived from the DSP-based controlled charger will be presented. The charger rating is 4 kW and output voltage is from 50V to 400V. It will be shown that the output current and voltage ripple is reduced significantly without any electrolytic capacitors in the proposed charger. It will also be demonstrated that the efficiency is nearly 96% and the power factor is also improved at rated load compared that for rectifier. These experimental results therefore confirm the superb performance of the proposed topology and control techniques.

並列關鍵字

Battery charger ； Electrolytic capacitor-less ； Current ripple

參考文獻

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