微動式新型人工牙植體系統之研發

人工植牙已成為患者治療缺牙病症之重要選擇，植牙治療可以重建缺牙患者所失去的牙齒，使其能恢復咀嚼的能力。隨著科技之日新月異，人工植牙治療已有相當高的成功率。然而，人工牙植體系統的力學行為仍舊與自然牙大相逕庭，現今人工牙植體缺乏牙周膜韌帶賦予自然牙的微量活動度，此為人工牙植體系統與自然牙間之最大差異。因此，本研究最主要的目的為研發一款具微動式新型人工牙植體系統，使其可以仿生自然牙的力學行為，進而提升人工牙植體之長期存活率。首先，運用電腦繪圖軟體設計二種微動式新型人工牙植體系統，藉由改良市售臨床的樁柱體，使其具有微量活動度的機制。再利用有限元素分析評估此微動式新型人工牙植體之可行性。接著，加工製作出此款微動式新型樁柱體的雛型品配合市售的植入體以執行實際力學實驗，透過壓縮力學實驗證實微動式新型人工牙植體之功能性，並遵循國際規範ISO 14801進行新型人工牙植體之疲勞試驗。根據有限元素分析與壓縮力學實驗的結果顯示該新型人工牙植體確實具有預期的微量活動度，而所測得的非線性力量-位移曲線亦符合自然牙的力學行為。並且，該新型人工牙植體成功地通過國際規範ISO 14801所規定的週期性疲勞試驗，在5 Hz的負載頻率下執行5,000,000次的週期性負載，得知此款新型人工牙植體的極限疲勞負載為160 N。此外，此款微動式新型人工牙植體系統尚且兼具回彈機制、密封性、防呆設計、防止脫出機構等優點。

關鍵字

人工牙植體；人工牙根；牙周膜韌帶；有限元素分析；回彈牙植體； ISO 14801 ；疲勞試驗

並列摘要

The dental implantation has brought about not only the occlusive capability restoration for edentulous patients, but also provided a better choice for the tooth reconstruction. With the advancements of science and technology, a satisfactory success rate of the dental implantation was reported. However, the mechanical behavior of the dental implant is still not similar to a natural tooth with the periodontal ligament. The micro-motion mechanism is the main difference between the natural tooth and the dental implant. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a novel dental implant abutment with a micro-motion mechanism that imitates the biomechanical behavior of the periodontal ligament, with the goal of not only maintaining the primal success rate but also increasing the long-term survival rate of dental implants. Firstly, computer-aided design software was used to design a novel dental implant abutment with an internal resilient component with a micro-motion capability. The first generation and the second generation of two novel dental implant systems were developed in this study. The feasibility of the novel system was investigated via finite element analysis. Then, a prototype of the novel dental implant abutment was fabricated, and the mechanical behavior was evaluated. The compression test of the novel dental implant was performed to prove micro-motion function. Moreover, the fatigue test of the novel dental implant was executed on the basis of the ISO 14801 standard. The results of the finite element analysis and the compression test confirmed that the novel dental implant abutment possessed the anticipated micro-motion capability. The nonlinear force-displacement behavior apparent in this micro-motion mechanism imitated the movement of a human tooth. Furthermore, the novel dental implant accomplished the fatigue test successfully at 5,000,000 cycles with frequencies of 5 Hz. The maximum endured load of the fatigue resistance of the novel dental implant is 160 N according to the ISO 14801 standard. Other benefits, such as resilient function, sealing, ease-of-use, and a non-separation mechanism, were also incorporated in the design of this novel abutment.

並列關鍵字

Dental implant ； Periodontal ligament ； Finite element analysis ； Resilient implant ； ISO 14801 ； Fatigue test

參考文獻

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[6] E. Mijiritsky, O. Mardinger, Z. Mazor and G. Chaushu, "Immediate Provisionalization of Single-Tooth Implants in Fresh-Extraction Sites atthe Maxillary Esthetic Zone: Up to 6 Years of Follow-Up," Implant Dentistry, vol. 18, 2009, pp. 326-333.

[7] T. J. Balshi, G. J. Wolfinger, D. Wulc and S. F. Balshi, "A Prospective Analysis of Immediate Provisionalization of Single Implants," Journal of Prosthodontics, vol. 20, 2011, pp. 10-15.

[9] International Congress of Oral Implantologists. http://icoi.org/

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微動式新型人工牙植體系統之研發

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