虛擬實境應用於超音波導引注射之模擬訓練

超音波導引注射是目前廣泛治療骨科及神經科等症狀的治療方法，由於醫學用超音波只能拍攝到病人患部的剖面圖，醫生在進行注射時需要豐富的經驗才能準確的注射到患部。對新進醫師而言，是相當困難的技術，而且現實中又欠缺適當的訓練工具可以協助。因此，本研究目的在於建立一個超音波導引注射訓練環境，於虛擬實境中模擬超音波引導注射，提供虛擬畫面與實體機具互動的呈現，讓新進醫生藉由虛擬實境的擬真訓練，熟悉超音波顯示剖面與注射針頭的空間位置關係。本研究結合虛擬實境軟體與空間位置感測器操作，並利用兩組空間感測器分別裝置於超音波探頭與針頭之模擬機構中。為了不讓工作平台受固定座標的限制，需定義相對於固定座標的體座標之運動表現，且利用3D軟體建置模型，由內部開發模組做出剖面效果，達到超音波探頭的模擬功能。透過演算法計算出剖面與針頭相交的位置，將針頭斷面顯示於剖面上，使模擬畫面更接近實際狀況。此研究成果有效提升訓練成效，使此類治療的醫療更易於新進醫師學習，在超音波的注射過程中可以降低操作生疏所造成的醫療疏失。

關鍵字

虛擬實境；模擬器；超音波導引注射

並列摘要

The Ultrasonic Image (Ultrasonography) Guided Medical Injection has been widely used as a medical treatment in Orthopedics and Neurology. However, the medical ultrasonography can only scan the sectional profile of patients’ infected area. Moreover, it usually requires the doctors’ experience to inject medicine accurately into the patients’ infected area during the image guided injection process. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design and implement an ultrasonic image guided medical injection training system. This system can simulate the ultrasonic image guided medical injection process in virtual reality and provides an interactive training with the virtual images and equipment operation. With this virtual reality training simulation, doctors can thoroughly understands the spatial relationship between ultrasonic sectional image and needles of syringe. This research integrates the software of virtual reality and the spatial location of sensors. Two spatial location sensors are used separately in simulated mechanisms of ultrasonic probes and needles. On the other hand, the research develops the transformation of the fixed coordinates and the body coordinates of each sensor so that the training platform will not be restricted by the fixed coordinates. It also uses the 3D software to construct the ultrasonic image modules for training simulation. With these volume image files, this system can produce the sectional profiles to mimic the function of ultrasonic probes. With the Geometric Analysis algorithms developed in this research, the interaction of the ultrasonic sectional profile and the needles can be calculated and displayed on the image. A calculated needle-cross-section on the profile will be sized and oriented, which makes the simulating image resemble the real one vividly. The simulation training system developed in this research can make the ultrasonic image guided medical injection training easier and more efficient. It will help doctors to enhance their skills and reduce the malpractices of treatment in the real-world medical operations.

並列關鍵字

Virtual Reality ； Simulation ； Ultrasonic Image Guided Medical Injection

參考文獻

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[4] J. Smith, M.F. Hurdle, A.J. Locketz, S.J. Wisniewski, “Ultrasound-guided piriformis injection: technique description and verification,” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, pp.1664-1667, 2006.

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[10] U. Kuhnapfel, H. K. Cakmak, H. Maass, “Endoscopic Surgery Training Using Virtual Reality and Deformable Tissue Simulation,” Computers & Graphics no.24, pp. 671-682, 2000.

[12] Du Zhijiang, Jia Zhiheng, Kong Minxiu “Virtual Reality-based Telesurgery via Teleprogramming Scheme Combined with Semi-autonomous Control,” IEEE 27th Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology, pp. 2153-2156, 2005.

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虛擬實境應用於超音波導引注射之模擬訓練

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