- 學位論文
自來水工程趕工作業之施工管理探討
The Research of Construction Management in Shorten Activity within Water-Supply Engineering Project
摘要
人類生存的三大維生要素「陽光、空氣和水」，是人類維繫生命最基本的要素。自來水工程乃係解決民生與工業用水問題，故往往為了迎合民眾急迫的用水需求，導致在正常工期可完成之工程，必須努力趕工以縮短工期；然而在趕工的狀態之下同時還是要顧及「工安、品質和進度」，即成為一種重要的課題。除配合政策要求而限期完成工程外，還經常會因為台灣每年常態性的梅雨及颱風氣候特性，而公務預算之年度計劃預算執行率均要求達到90％以上，以及物價波動影響工程成本等情形，亦會導致自來水供給工程必須趕工，此種自來水工程趕工期間之施工管理機制即為本研究之主要動機。 本研究首先探討導致自來水工程的趕工「原因」；如工期有逾期之虞、政策要求、物價波動、氣候變化及人力機具材料調配等，並就實務經驗檢討工程為達成趕工目的可行之「人為作法」；如要有贏的決心加上積極的作為、每日施工前多預備施工項目、可行性分析、制訂管控點、材料及機具配合施工時程等，以及可行的「趕工工法」；如樑柱鋼筋以錨錠頭取代標準彎鉤、採用不需拆模模板、檔土措施採用門型框架、推進工程施工井採鋼襯環取代鋼軌樁、設置施工構台、自充填混凝土、管溝以控制性低強度材料回填以及成立客服中心等。 其次，再就自來水工程趕工之施工管理各面向做探討，包括:工安管理、品質管理及進度管理。再者趕工就是要講求速度，速度就帶來壓力，工程施工要由「人」來推動，所以不論工程管理者或勞工都要有適當的情緒管理；又因為台灣地形之因素每年都有颱風及梅雨，特殊的氣候因素亦會影響施工，因此工程要得以順利進行，適切的情緒及風險管理亦是本研究的項目。 最後再以九十八年七月二十九日開工，實務上正在執行之「新五路加壓站工程」，作案例分析及印證，同時依工程生命週期的各個階段，針對規劃設計、採購與施工各階段作檢討，並做出研究結論與建議。
並列摘要
There are three fundamental elements for human’s survival: sun, air, and water. In particular, water-supply engineering provides the solution to the problems of residential and industrial water usage. To cater to the public’s desperate need of water, water-supply engineering often has to move the deadline of projects forward instead of completing projects as originally planned. Hence, how to maintain “construction safety, quality, and progress” while expediting engineering projects, became a crucial issue. Besides timely completing water-supply construction to support domestic policy, Taiwan's rainy seasons and Typhoons, government's annual engineering efficiency requirement of at least 90%, and inflation and deflation that change the cost of engineering, all led to the need of expediting of water-supply construction. The management of such shortening activity within water-supply engineering projects is the main topic of this paper. This paper first explores the “cause” of the need for shortening activity within water-supply engineering project, such as the concern of delaying completion date for construction, domestic policy need, inflation and deflation, change in weather, and management of labour and machinery. Then this paper discusses, based on practical experiences, “the method of engineering project management,” which includes a determination to succeed along with the assertive attitude, preparation of additional construction projects prior to daily work, practicality analysis, map out control points, and integrating scheduling of materials, labors, and machineries with construction schedule. This paper also discusses “the method of shortening engineering project activity.” This method includes using anchors to substitute the standard hooks in steel beams, employing non-removal formwork, utilizing portal frame in retaining wall facilities, substituting rail piles for steel ring flanges in advancing construction shaft, building work platform, self-compacting concrete (SCC), ditches, in order to refill controlled low strength materials (CLSM), and establish customer service center, etc. Secondly, this paper examines construction safety management, quality management, and progress management while shortening water-supply engineering project. Shortening activity within water-supply engineering project means speeding up the project, which in turn means increasing pressure. Construction needs to be performed by “people.” Hence, both construction managers and labors need to adequately manage their emotions. In addition, Taiwan's rainy seasons and Typhoons greatly affect engineering project. In other words, in order to smooth the engineering project process, “the management of emotion” and “risk management” while shortening engineering activity are important issues in this research, too. Finally, this paper will analyze and validate the ongoing construction project 「Booster Pump Station of the Xin 5th Road Construction」 which commenced on July 29, 2009. The paper will also discuss the different stages of the project, and respectively review the planning stage, the designing stage, the purchase stage, and constructing phase as well as provide research conclusion and advice.