建築物安全梯加壓防煙之實測與模擬研究

Field test and computer modeling of fire escape staircase pressurization for smoke management

許文泉(Wen-Chuan Hsu)

指導教授 ： 蔡尤溪

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班/碩士(2010年)

摘要

火災發生時人員因逃生開啟安全梯之防火門，可能將火災區域產生之煙霧引入安全梯間，造成逃生避難通道充滿煙霧影響人員逃生。本文所述為火災發生時利用送風機送風入安全梯間中，使梯間產生正壓，當防火門因避難逃生被人員開啟時，有足夠正壓或逆向風防止煙進入安全梯間，避免因煙囪效應使得煙霧流竄至整棟建築物。本研究之目的，主要針對加壓風量與壓差等相關設計問題進一步研究，透過案例實際量測及CONTAM電腦模擬不同送風量條件與不同開門方式，證明利用加壓方式建立空間之正壓，可以有效防止煙霧進入梯間。以一個實測實例，利用釋放SF6示踪氣體模擬火災煙流，梯間經加壓後測得梯間內SF6皆為背景值約0.05∼0.11ppm，驗證梯間加壓有效防止煙進入梯間。本研究再利用CONTAM電腦模擬以12.5Pa為壓差基準，模擬各別為8樓層高與16樓層高的建築物，所需要的加壓風量為2,800∼8,000cfm與5,600∼12,000cfm，藉由以上相關之驗證結論，以作為日後建築與消防安全設計之參考。

關鍵字

正負壓區劃:梯間加壓 ； CONTAM ； 避難逃生

並列摘要

During evacuation an open staircase door would let the fire smoke filling the escape staircase and endanger the people evacuating using the staircase. However if blowers are used to maintain the staircase at positive pressure smoke can be prevented from entering the staircase. This would also avoid the stack effect that can carry the smoke to the entire building. This study investigated the performance of pressurized staircase in terms of pressurized airflow and the level of pressurization for effective zone smoke control. Field measurements of actual cases and the use of the CONTAM computer program have shown that pressurized airflow into the staircase can maintain sufficient positive pressure in the staircase. In the field tests of one example case, tracer gas SF6 was released to simulate the fire smoke spread from outside the staircase. The pressurized staircase either door open or close, had measured values of SF6 within the background value of about 0.05 ~ 0.11ppm. The field tests verify the effectiveness of pressurized staircase to prevent smoke entering. A computer simulation using CONTAM program was carried out for further study. The simulation was based on a 12.5Pa positive pressure setting for staircases of 8 floors and 16 floors height. The required volumes of pressurized air are respectively 2,800~8,000cfm and 5,600 ~12,000cfm.The research results as presented can be used to increase the performance of safe evacuation, and can be used for future design of smoke management.

並列關鍵字

zoned smoke control ； staircase pressurization ； CONTAM ； evacuation

參考文獻

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