三種構架式組合屋之再利用性能比較研究

A Study on the Reusability of Knock-Down House in Three Cases of the Framed Type

張嘉凌(Chia-Ling Chang)

指導教授 ： 胥直強 ； 楊詩弘

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

組合屋為一種臨時性建築，依其使用之目的、性質而有不同的型式。近年來，國內外災害頻繁，災後安置為一大課題。在九二一大地震、八八風災時，救難組合屋就發揮其效用。組合屋平時也常運用於工務所等臨時性建築，材料的運用與系統組裝是為主要關鍵。
組合屋的外殼與骨架為整體系統主要的元素構成，本研究藉由三個實際案例圖面的還原與現場調查，掌握組合屋架構系統、材料使用、組裝程序與接合方式。經由案例的調查，以組構設計對於構件使用後的回收影響，考慮拆卸後構件的耗損與接合，並於三個案例間的構件回收與再利用對策進一步的討論。於本研究發現，案例間影響組合屋構件回收與再利用之因子為構件尺寸、接合方式、施工效率與使用特性是為主要因素。
一般狀況下，組合屋構件拆除後並無回收機制與再利用對策。本研究對於提升組合屋再利用之對策建議如下：
（一） 組合屋依反組裝程序進行拆除，依構件可能耗損程度進行分類，以達較高的回收程度。
（二） 使用正確的拆卸工具，以降低構件之耗損，工具的選用與配合會影響構件耗損的程度，也影響是否回收之程度。
（三） 組合屋構件由組合屋廠商回收處理。構件回工廠進行維修與調整，對後續再利用有較佳之管理。
（四） 構件接合界面的差異，是影響再利用程度的主要因素。在相同構件使用之條件下，整合接合界面，以增加構件間之相容性。使用統一的接合界面物（如門窗、外牆板卡榫），亦可方便構件組裝時間的控制。
（五） 統一規格化尺寸，雖然組合屋構件具有規格化的尺寸設計，但相同的構件在不同的廠商間使用不同的尺寸，易降低構件相容性。以一般大眾熟知規格90x180cm（3x6尺）為牆板規格，配合1K=182cm之跨度為較佳之尺寸，使用一般熟知之規格，方便回收後不同廠商之構件搭配使用。

關鍵字

組合屋 ； 回收 ； 再利用

並列摘要

Knock-Down House is a kind of temporary building which has different types for purpose and quality. Recently, the disasters are frequent, because of that, the settle is a big lesson we need to learn. At the 921 earthquake and the 88 disaster, the knock-down house is very important for using. Not only use at disaster also can use at temporary engineering office. In recent years, because of the environmental consciousness rising, the materials utilization and recycling are more seriously. The knock-down house which that temporarily、urgently、materials recycle and system fabrication are all the main keys.
The procedure of building the knock-down house will point on the house’s covering and skeleton, those also the whole system’s element of main organization. This research will by construction to know the knock-down house how to building and by the plan return to original state and the investigation report, we can know that the knock-down house construction、 the material use and the programming and the joint way. By the case investigation, effecting the recycle is the construction design, considered after demolishing knock-down house about the construction’s consume and joint that discussing three cases of material recycle and reuse. Bring up the suit way to decompose knock-down house and compare with different cases and discussion the reason effect knock-down house of the recycle, reuse and proposes its countermeasures.
At general situation, the knock-down house of reusing at construction are not the certain use countermeasures, the main problem is not have the way to recycle when the knock-down house was demolished and the main reason to effect the reuse is recycle’s situation. By this research, we have five points for how to promote the constructive effect on the knock-down house.
1. When demolishing the knock-down house, according to opposite fabricate
way and have procedure to demolish it. Has the step and plan to demolish it, we can control the construction, use behavior and joint way. By this way we can assumed that material recycle and classification of consumes the degree in advance, it can reach the better recycle level.
2. Using the demolish tools, like bolt-trigger, screw-electric drill, gun nail-nail
extractor, welding-cutter. Building and demolishing use the same tool can
reduce the material’s consumes degree, when demolishing choose a right tool will affect the consumes degree, also affect recycle and reuse level. In opposition, it will spend more time.
3. The knock-down house after demolition will recycle by factory owner; they will repair and regulate it. The factory have space to put aside, it can make the material has better management. Also can recycle by the company of demolition project which can classification the material and reach the best management.
4. When joint the construction, the different way is the main point to affect the reuse’s factor. Use the same material can increase the compatibility when the joint, like doors, windows and walls, if those use the same material, not only easy to fabricate also easy to control the time.
5. Unified the standardized size, although the material has the same size design, but same construction use different size will reduce the compatibility. Unify 1K’s span and wall size; in general size is 90*180cm (3*6m) to match the 1K=183cm is the better size. This way for construction is effectiveness and has elasticity; it is not easy to destroy the wall.

並列關鍵字

Knock-Down ； Recycle ； Reues

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