高精度數值地形模型建置及其在活動構造地貌分析之運用

High-resolution DSMs construction,evaluation and its morphotectonic application

楊智凱(Chih-Kai Yang)

指導教授 ： 張國禎

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2010.00171

摘要

集集大地震主要由於車籠埔斷層再次活動所引起。就已有資料指出斷層引致之地表破裂呈南北走向，南起雲林縣桶頭地區，北至台中縣石岡壩，之後轉為東北走向延伸至苗栗縣卓蘭內灣一帶即不復見，斷層主要以逆衝分量為主；唯斷層之後再於台中縣雙崎附近出現，但呈右移形式。
車籠埔斷層在集集地震之後廣為學者研究，然而在卓蘭區域則未被詳細探討。就本研究區域內的地質構造有：東勢背斜與內灣向斜等褶皺，加上九房厝斷層、梅子斷層。由以上的構造分布顯示此區域的新期構造運動模式可能深深受到這些構造的存在及活動性所影響。
本研究利用多種遙測技術及影像分析工具，配合已有的低解析度數值地形模DTM(Digital Terrain Model)及農林航空測量所地表控制點GCP(Ground Control Point)等已有之資料，整合不同資訊來求取不同影像之空中三角等資料，從而建置數個不同時期之2公尺高精度數值地形模型；一方面探討數值地形模型之精度及平差法，另一方面運用所建置之數值地形模型及正射後之影像來探討卓蘭地區因斷層活動所引致之垂直及水平變位，並探討斷層所在位置、特性及斷層的延伸性。

關鍵字

數值地形模型 ； 構造地形 ； 活動斷層 ； 車籠埔斷層 ； 集集地震 ； 台灣

並列摘要

The Chi-Chi earthquake, 1999, was caused by the reactivation of the Chelungpu fault. The surface rupture, generated by the fault activity, trending north-south, from Yunlin County in the south to Shihgang Dam in Taichung County in the north. After Shihang Dam area the surface rupture trace then turned northeast to extend to the Neiwan, Chaolan Township in Miaoli County, and after the Neiwan area the trace is disappear. The fault segments demonstrates its mainly thrust components, in general. However, the surface rupture trace is appearing again near the Shuangchi area in Taichung Count, but activate as a pure dextral lateral fault.
Chelungpu fault is been well document, however due to is variety of mechanism and structure inheritance, the detail trace and mechanism in the Chaolan area in still in debated issue. Several geological structures within the study area, e.g. the Dongshih Anticline, the Neiwan syncline, the Jioufangcuo fault and the Meizih fault etc., may affect greatly to the regional neotectonic activity and structure pattern.
In this study, serials of the remote-sensing images and analysis tools are deployed. By integrating the existing low-resolution DTMs, the ground control points (GCP) and other information to obtain the aerial triangulation of each images, and finally several 2-m high-resolution DTMs in different periods are constructed accordingly. Based on the high-resolution DTMs and the ortho-rectified images, to decipher the regional structures, co-seismic and post-seismic surface deformation on the Chaolan area.

並列關鍵字

Digtial Terrain Model ； Geomorphology ； Active Fault ； Chelungpu ； Chi-Chi earthquake ； Taiwan

參考文獻

【33】蔡維哲，應用航空影像分析於邊坡位移場之方法學研究，碩士論文，國立台灣大學土木工程學研究所，台北，2005。

【1】A. Lin, T. Ouchi, A. Chen, T. Maruyama, "Co-seismic displacements, folding and shortening structures along the Chelungpu surface rupture zone occurred during the 1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake, " Tectonophysics, no.330, 2001, pp.225-244.

【2】Fabien Graveleau, J. Suppe, M. Ustaszewski, S. Dominguez, K.-J. Chang,

【4】Jian-Cheng Lee, Hao-Tsu Chu, Jacques Angelier, Yu-Chang Chan, Jyr-Ching Hu, Chia-Yu Lu, Ruey-Juin Rau, "Geometry and structure of northern surface ruptures of the 1999 Mw=7.6 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake: influence from inherited fold belt structures, "Journal of structural Geology,no.24,2002,pp.173-192.

【5】Jian-Cheng Lee, Yu-Chang Chan, "Structure of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake rupture and interaction of thrust faults in the active fold belt of western Taiwan",Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, no.31, 2007,pp.226-239.