應用類免疫演算法於空調系統運轉最佳化

Application of Artificial Immune on Optimal Operation of HVAC

洪銘雄(Ming-Xiong Hong)

指導教授 ： 張永宗

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

節能減碳為現今世界各國大力推行的能源政策，空調耗電量一般而言約佔建築物總耗電量40%-50%之間，談到節能領域，空調系統為不可或缺的重點項目。空調系統在實際運轉中，系統處在滿載狀態時間不多，主要運行在部分負載，而傳統定水溫控制手法，無法針對室內負載作彈性調整，更甚至造成不必要的能源浪費。
本文探討空調系統最佳化控制，調控變數有區域泵的冰水流量、空調箱的送風量及冰水主機的出水溫三個，再引用相關文獻的熱平衡方程式作為程式限制條件，以確保調控後的參數可以滿足室內空間的冷凍負載需求下，利用MATLAB所撰寫的類免疫演算法程式，找出各種不同參數設定組合，使空調系統的耗電量最小，達到節約能源的目的。
類免疫演算法有記憶性及跳脫局部最佳解的優勢，將2009/6/14到2009/6/16三天數據代入程式演算，計算得出三天數據平均減少的耗電量高達17%，節能效果佳，驗證了類免疫演算法為在參數設定搜尋上一種的有效方法。

關鍵字

類免疫演算法 ； 最佳化控制 ； 參數設定

並列摘要

Energy saving and carbon reduction are being promoted as an energy strategy around the world today. Generally, the power consumption of an air-conditioning system accounts for 40% - 50% of the overall power consumption in a building, which makes the air-conditioning system an important part for energy saving. The air-conditioning system is not always in full load; in fact, it is in partial load most of the time. However, conventional cooling constant water temperature controlling not only does no permit a flexible adjustment of the indoor load, but it also leads to unnecessary power consumption.

The optimal control of the air-conditioning system is discussed and three regulation variables are used in this study, including the chilled water flow of the zone pump, the air supply of the air handling unit and the chilled water supply temperature. The heat balance equation in related literature is referred to as a restriction on the artificial immune algorithm written with MATLAB to find out various parameter settings for regulation. This is to ensure that the regulation parameters used can minimize the power consumption of the air-conditioning system for energy saving while satisfied the demand of indoor cooling load.

The artificial immune algorithm has the advantage of memory and exceeding the local optimum. When the data from June 14 to June 16, 2009 is substituted into the algorithm, it is stunning that up to 17% of power consumption is reduced for energy saving. This validates the idea that the artificial immune algorithm is an effective way for parameter setting.

並列關鍵字

Artificial Immune Algorithm ； Optimal Control ； Parameter Setting

參考文獻

[16] 李俊賢，應用模擬退火法於空調系統運轉之最佳化，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學，台北，2010

[4] Y.W. Wang, W.J Cai, Y.C Soh, S.J. Li, Lu Lu, Lihua Xie, “A simplified modeling of cooling coils for control and optimization of HVAC systems,” Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 45, 2004, pp. 2915-2930.

[5] Lu Lu, W.J Cai, Lihua Xie, Shujiang Li, Y.C Soh, “HVAC system optimization-in building section,” Energy and Buildings, Vol. 37, 2005, pp. 11-22.

[9] 夏倬彥，應用類免疫演算法於輸電系統最佳化無效功率調度，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學，台北，2008。

[10] 陳俊銘，混合人工免疫系統與粒子群最佳化為基之支持向量機於RFID定位系統之研究，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學，台北，2010