柴油摻合不同生質燃料對其油品性質影響之研究

Effect of various bio-fuel and diesel blends on fuel properties

江宗翰(Tsung-Han Chiang)

指導教授 ： 陳奕宏

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2011.00225

摘要

本研究是將生質燃料與化石柴油依不同的體積百分比進行摻合實驗，並檢測其燃料性質是否符合化石柴油規範(ASTM D975、ASTM D7467、CNS 1471、EN 590)。生質燃料包含酯化痲瘋油、痲瘋油生質柴油、精煉棕櫚油、棕櫚油生質柴油、酯化無患子油、無患子生質柴油、桐油以及桐油生質柴油。對生質柴油而言，隨著生質柴油增加，密度、動黏度和閃火點會隨之增加，而熱值會隨之下降。冷濾點於生質柴油含量在一定的比例以下會維持在化石柴油的 -6 ºC，之後會隨著生質柴油摻合量而線性上升或下降。摻合有較高氧化穩定性的生質柴油(如棕櫚油生質柴油或無患子生質柴油)中，會產生加成效應而產生在特定比例下有較高的氧化穩定性，而摻合氧化穩定性較差的生質柴油則會單調隨著生質柴油添加量增加，其氧化穩定性會明顯下降。本研究也將桐油生質柴油、痲瘋油生質柴油及無患子三種生質柴油依不同得重量百分比進行摻合，檢測其燃料性質是否符合生質柴油規範(ASTM D6751、CNS 15072、EN 14214)，並依據實驗結果選定最適比例(35 wt.% SNME + 65 wt.% JME)再與化石柴油進行摻合。
對化石柴油摻合植物油而言，隨著植物油增加，密度、動黏度和閃火點會隨之增加，而熱值會隨之下降。冷濾點在植物油含量在一定的比例下會維持在化石柴油的-6 °C，而後會隨著植物油的摻合比例增加而上升。在與有較高氧化穩定性的植物油(酯化痲瘋油、精煉棕櫚油、酯化無患子油)進行摻合，可觀察到在特定比例下會有較高的氧化穩定性，而摻合氧化穩定性較差的桐油則隨著摻合比例增加氧化穩定性會持續下降。

關鍵字

生質柴油 ； 植物油 ； 柴油 ； 摻合 ； 生質柴油標準 ； 柴油標準 ； 多元線性回歸

並列摘要

The object of this study is biofuels blending with diesel at various volumetric percentages and further analyzed for fuel properties in comparison with diesel and biodiesel blending specifications including ASTM D975, ASTM D7467 in the United States, CNS 1471 in Taiwan, and EN 590 in Europe. The biofuels include esterified jatropha oil, jatropha oil biodiesel, refined palm oil, palm oil biodiesel, esterified soapnut oil, soapnut oil biodiesel, tung oil, and tung oil biodiesel.
For biodiesel and diesel blends, it was obvious that the density, KV, and flash point of the biodiesel-diesel blends increased with higher blending ratio of the biodiesel. Calorific value decreased with higher blending ratio of the biodiesel. The CFPP of the biodiesel-diesel blends within a small blending ratio would slightly change and was about -6 ºC which can satisfy the requirement of CNS 1471 or Grade A to C in EN 590. Afterwards the CFPP would remarkably increase or decrease with higher blending ratio of the biodiesels. It was interesting that the biodiesel-diesel blends had a maximum IP value at the specific blending ratio for some biodiesels (palm oil biodiesel and soapnut oil biodiesel). The increasing IP may be caused from a synergistic effect of the natural antioxidants in the diesel and the biodiesel. On contrast, the IP of the jatropha and tung oil biodiesel-diesel blends would decrease with higher blending ratio of the biodiesels. In addition, the properties of the tung, jatropha, and soapnut oil biodiesel blends were successfully improved at an optimum ratio to satisfy all the biodiesel specifications (ASTM D6751, CNS 15072, and EN 14214). In addition, the optimum biodiesel blend was blended with diesel at various volumetric percentages and further evaluated for fuel properties.
For vegetable oil and diesel blends, it was obvious that the density, KV, and flash point of the vegetable oil-diesel blended increased with higher blending ratio of the vegetable oil. Calorific value decreased with higher blending ratio of the vegetable oil. The CFPP of the vegetable oil-diesel blends within a small blending ratio changed slightly and was about -6 ºC. Afterwards the CFPP would remarkably increase with higher blending ratio of the vegetable oil. It was interesting that the vegetable oil-diesel blends had a maximum IP value at the specific blending ratio for some vegetable oils (esterified jatropha oil, refined palm oil, and esterified soapnut oil ). On the other hand, the IP of the tung oil-diesel blends decreased with higher blending ratio of the tung oil.

並列關鍵字

Biodiesel ； vegetable oil ； diesel ； blending ； biodiesel standards ； diesel standards ； linear regression

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