根據實務經驗,處理時效性商品訂購時,若未能有效控制訂購數量及進貨時間,會造成企業營運業績的不足,若因過其時效性,商品必須以廢料銷毀或降價出清,使得損失增加。但若因商品存貨不足而產生顧客抱怨,回購率下降,長期而言則會流失顧客,則降低其業績。 本研究將參考報童理論,配合實務上所能達到作法,目的為如何決定時效性商品的最適訂購模式,本文為進口商品為例: 其Lead time(此為出貨時間) 必須為訂購限制,處理各種不同時效性商品的訂購。同時在考量各種不同參數( 貨櫃空間限制、最小訂購量、商品有效期限、效期管理、平均銷售…),求解出最適訂購量,若過程已知該訂購量無法於時效前出售完畢,該如何使其損失最小化,銷售最大化為本為重點。
Based on practical experience, timeliness is very critical for most of issues. It would cause insufficiency of enterprise operation sales if not effectively controlling ordering quantity and re-stock timing; it would also cause increasing loss when commodities needs to be destroyed or cleaned by reduced price if commodities are having timeliness issue; last but not the least, insufficient stock would cause sales decrease, customers complain, re-purchase ratio drops and even losing customers in a long term of perspective. In this study, it will determine the optimal ordering model under the best timeliness by referring to the newsboy theory and corporate with practical achievable practices. By taking imported commodities as instance, It will reveal the best ordering model – lead time (as time duration for suppliers to receive orders to ship them out) must be within ordering limitation, combined orders with different commodities that have different length of expiration date, and considerations of other variables (such as: container space limitation, minimum order quantities, commodities’ validity management, average sales and so on…). In this study, it will also focus on minimize the lost if it is known that ordering quantities cannot be sold before reaching its expiration date.