- 學位論文
考慮空調熱舒適之需量反應
Demand Response Considering Thermal Comfort of HVAC
摘要
一般大樓以空調系統之耗電量最大，對此類用電設備進行需量卸載控制，除可達到節能之目的外，亦有減碳之效果。本研究以需量反應措施為基礎，選擇需量反應之負載控制作為測試微電網負載控制效能。研究中以負載控制器對中央空調主機進行卸載，除了使空調系統運轉於最佳點，並降低系統整體空調系統用電量外，可同時對空間環境舒適度作最佳化控制。 傳統空調系統中以冰水主機之耗電量最大，因此大部分電能需量卸載系統均以卸載冰水主機為主，但在卸載冰水主機用電的同時，將造成冰水溫度上升，導致現場空調箱及小型送風機的冷卻能力降低，進而使得室內溫度上升，影響整棟大樓的空調環境熱舒適度。有鑑於此本論文將研究在空調供應的室內環境空間中，運用建築能源管理系統定義有效溫度(Effective Temperature ,ET*)區間，在不影響空調環境熱舒適度指標值(Predicted Mean Vote ,PMV)之前提下，配合需量反應機制對空調系統設備進行需量卸載最佳化控制。 研究中透過裝設在實驗現場的8組室內溫濕度偵測器，長時間記錄8組實驗環境區域內室內乾球溫度及相對濕度的變化量，並將ISO 7730 PMV計算程式運用於可程式控制器(Program Logic Controller, PLC)內作PMV值連續計算，其結果回饋給現場空調設備作為控制條件之依據，成功地將現場環境溫濕度控制在預期的PMV值(0~0.5)。
並列摘要
The power consumption of the air-conditioning system accounts for the largest percentage of the power consumption in a building; controlling the demand unloading of the electrical equipment can not only save energy, but also reduce the emission of carbon. Therefore, the load control, which is one of the demand response measures, issued in this study to test the effectiveness of the micro-grid load control.
The load controller is used to unload the central air conditioner, and by doing so, the operation of the air-conditioning system is optimized and the power consumption of the overall air-conditioning system is reduced. In addition, the load controller is also used to study the optimal comfort control in the spatial environment.
The power consumption of the chiller accounts for the largest percentage of the power consumption in the conventional air-conditioning system, and hence, most of the power demand unloading systems are mainly used to unload the chiller. However, unloading the chiller will cause a sharp increase in the temperature of the chilled water, leading to a reduction in cooling capacity of the on-site air handling unit and small blower, which results in an increase in the indoor temperature and a reduction in the thermal comfort in the building. In this case, (Building Energy Management System, BEMS) is used to try to define the range of the effective temperature in an air-conditioned environment. This is to optimally control the demand unloading of the air-conditioning system based on the demand response without reducing the value of the (Predicted Mean Vote , PMV).
In the study, the variations in indoor dry-bulb temperatures and relative humidity in 8 experimental environments are measured and recorded for a long period through 8 indoor temperature/humidity detectors installed on site. The formula of the ISO 7730 PMV is embedded into the (Program Logic Controller, PLC) for continuous computation of the PMV value. The results are fed back to the on-site air-conditioning equipment for control basis. The ambient temperature and humidity on site are successfully controlled at the desired range of 0