多孔性纖維帶電及過濾特性研究

Filtration Characteristics of Charged Porous Fibers

杜宗明(Tsung-ming Tu)

指導教授 ： 林文印

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境規劃與管理研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2014.00413

摘要

靜電紡絲能夠產生奈米級纖維，由於奈米級纖維其直徑較小且比表面積較高，而被廣泛應用各領域中，如組織工程支架、防護服、過濾、生物醫學、藥物學、光學電子、醫療保健、生物技術及環境工程等領域中。靜電濾材(electrets filters)是表面具有靜電吸引力的纖維濾材，擁有高效率且低壓降的特性。有研究指出多孔性纖維擁有更高的比表面積。由於沒有搜尋到多孔性纖維帶電及過濾之研究，因此本研究針對多孔性纖維帶電及過濾特性進行研究。
為了製備多孔性纖維進行其帶電及過濾特性研究，本研究設置一靜電紡絲系統，以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Polymethyl methacrylate，PMMA)高分子聚合物當作前驅溶液，並利用蒸發凝結相分離法產生多孔性纖維濾材，並使用自製的充電器對多孔性纖維濾材進行電暈放電充電，並量測其表面電壓、壓力損失及帶電纖維濾材之微粒穿透率。
研究結果顯示，二甲基甲醯胺(Dimethylformamide，DMF)與三氯甲烷(Trichloromethane，CHCl3) 混合比例為1:15時能夠產生多孔性的纖維。
直徑約為500nm多孔性纖維濾材其能得到較高的表面電壓值為-0.650kV，相較於平滑纖維表面電壓值為-0.562kV高出了-0.088kV。這是由於多孔性纖維擁有較大的比表面積能夠攜帶更多的電量。
直徑約500nm多孔性纖維濾材在經由負電暈放電充電後，其平均穿透效率從24.34%降低至3.95%，相較於500nm平滑性纖維平均穿透率由25.60%降低至12.48%，多孔性纖維經由電暈放電充電後效率改善較平滑纖維明顯，這是由於多孔性纖維擁有較大的比表面積能夠攜帶更多的電量，提升纖維靜電吸引力。
結果顯示，大部分多孔性纖維在經由電暈放電充電後，其表面電壓、微粒平均穿透效率、單纖維效率及纖維過濾品質皆優於平滑纖維。

關鍵字

多孔性纖維 ； 電紡絲 ； 靜電濾材

並列摘要

Nanofibers can be produced by electrospinning technology. Electrospinning fibers have been successfully applied in various fields, such as tissue engineering scaffolds, protective clothing, filtration, biomedical, pharmaceutical, optical electronics, healthcare, biotechnology and environmental engineering. In addition, electrets filters are widely used in filtration because of high filtration efficiency and low pressure drop.
Besides, some researches indicated porous fiber having higher surface area. However, no research on the filtration characteristics of charged porous fiber has been found. Therefore, this study discusses the filtration characteristics of charged porous fiber. An electrospinning system was set up in this study. And the material of filters was PMMA. In addition, the surface voltage, pressure drop and penetration efficiency were investigated in this research.
The results of this study showed that PMMA porous fiber could be produced as the volume ratios of DMF:CHCl3 is 1:15. In addition, the surface voltage of porous small fiber (about 500 nm) was -0.650kV, and the smooth fiber was -0.562kV. The results also revealed that the surface voltage of porous fiber was higher than smooth fiber, it could be because porous fiber had high surface area. After negative charging, the average penetration efficiency of porous small fiber (about 500 nm) decreased from 24.34% to 3.95% and smooth fiber decreased from 25.60% to 12.48%. Therefore, the porous fiber had better efficiency improvement. The experimental results indicated that the surface voltage, penetration, single fiber efficiency and filter quality of porous fiber were more prominent than smooth fiber after charging.

並列關鍵字

Porous fibers ； Electrospinning ； Electret filters

參考文獻

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