多極式磁流變液煞車器之整體設計與開發

Integrated Design and Development of Multi-pole Magnetorheological Brakes

Nguyen Q.A(Quang-Anh Nguyen)

指導教授 ： 蕭耀榮

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/機電科技研究所/博士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2013.00384

摘要

磁流變液(Magnetorheological)煞車器在車輛產業上是一種不需要複雜機械元件的機構。磁流變液煞車器結構簡單、低耗能、反應速度快及保養簡單的優點，因此在未來能夠應用在非常多的產業上。傳統磁流變液煞車器使用單一的環狀磁極，因此煞車扭力受到限制無法提升，故無法被廣泛應用。最主要是由於傳統磁流變液煞車器因繞線圈的空間有限，造成實際作用於磁流變液面積的磁場強度無法發揮磁流變液本身最大的效能。為了增加磁流變液煞車器的扭力，本文介紹多磁極式磁流變液煞車器之設計及最佳化，使磁通量能夠更有效率的通過轉子。新式磁流變液煞車器是由複數個纏繞線圈之磁極組成，並且磁極排列成環狀。磁通量必須形成一個閉迴路，從某一個磁極經過磁流變液層、進入轉子、再回到磁流變液層最後至另外一個相鄰的磁極。這一新概念跟傳統磁流變液煞車器非常不同，從結果來看磁場作用於磁流變液的面積增加許多，因此整體扭力也大幅度的提升。線圈擺放於定子上，並可以依據整體的大小及磁流變液設計位置自由調整線圈。而且本文之煞車器提供多種加大尺寸進而增加扭力的選擇、可以從徑向的尺寸或是軸向的尺寸調整。
本文運用磁路分析模擬設計參數與扭力之關係，並得到最佳化設計參數範圍。以同一磁流變液煞車器結構，模擬不同類型的磁流變液體與鋼材之間的比較，最佳化分析得知最佳參數，並以此參數製作實體磁流變液煞車器。以此磁流變液煞車器架設實驗平台，並利用此平台作不同電流與轉速搭配進行實驗測試。由實驗結果得知，新型多極式磁流變液煞車器體積小一體成形，且可大幅提升煞車扭力。此外也運用以上相同設計步驟，進行內轉子與外轉子式機車用磁流變液煞車系統之間的模擬性能與結構比較。模擬結果證明此設計方法可運用在外轉式磁流變液煞車器。

關鍵字

磁流變液 ； 磁流變液煞車器 ； 多磁極式磁流變液煞車器

並列摘要

Magnetorheological (MR) brake stays within the term of brake-by-wire in vehicle engineering. The simple structure, low-power-supply requirement, fast respond and ease of maintenance have proven its possibility for further applications. However, MR brakes with conventional single ring-type electromagnetic pole have reached the limits of torque enhancement, which prevent it for larger area of applications. One major reason is the limitation of the magnetic field strength within the active area of the MR fluid due to the geometric constraints of the coil. Therefore, it is high requirement for enhancement of brake torque in MR brake. This research presents a new approach in the design and optimization of a novel multi-pole MR brake that employs magnetic flux more effectively on the surface of the rotor. The new MR brake design features multiple electromagnetic poles surrounded by several coils. The magnetic flux is forced to travel in a closed loop, from one pole, through the MR fluid gap, into the rotor, back to the MR gap and into the two adjacent poles. This new operation concept is very different from conventional MR brakes. As a result, the active chaining areas for the MR fluid are greatly increased, and significant brake torque improvement is achieved. The coil structure, as a part of the stator, becomes flexible and customizable in terms of space usage for the winding and bobbin design. In addition, this brake offers extra options in its dimensions for torque enhancement because either the radial or the axial dimensions of the rotor can be increased.
Magnetic circuit analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of the design parameters on the field torque. After that, simulations were done to find the optimal design under all major geometric constraints and a range of input power. Different types of MR fluid as well as steels were simulated with the brake model. After the optimal design was found, a prototype of multi-pole MR brake was experimented with different input power and rotational speeds. Static and dynamic tests were done to estimate the adaption of the brake with various operation conditions. The results show that the multi-pole MR brake provides a considerable braking torque increase while maintaining a compact and solid design. Moreover, by using above procedure, a case study was conducted by simulations to compare the performance and structure between inner rotor and outer rotor multi-pole MR brakes on motorcycle brake system. With the same operation concept, the comparison result confirms the precision of design procedure and the feasibility of the outer rotor brakes for actual braking applications.

並列關鍵字

Magnetorheological fluid ； MR brake ； Multi-pole MR brake.

參考文獻

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