含台度磚牆之RC構架耐震行為研究

Seismic Behaviors of RC Frames Infilled with Top Opening Brick Walls

陳亭偉(Ting-Wei Chen)

指導教授 ： 張順益

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/工程科技研究所/博士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2014.00425

摘要

一般老舊建築物，尤其是中小學老舊校舍，經常因高窗的配置而無形中出現短柱現象，也因此在歷年來的地震災害中經常出現短柱破壞的案例。因此本研究特別針對含台度磚牆之鋼筋混凝土構架來進行一系列有系統的短柱行為研究，包括發生短柱破壞的臨界條件及其評估方法，也探討短柱破壞的耐震補強方法。本研究共設計及製作八座鋼筋混凝土構架試體，其中一座為純構架試體不含填充磚牆做為比較研究之用，四座為含不同高度之台度磚牆試體用來探討短柱破壞的臨界條件及其評估方法。另外三座則分別進行構架邊柱的增設圍束箍筋補強、增設磚翼牆補強以及增設RC翼牆補強以探討此三種補強工法的有效性。本研究除了進行八座含台度磚牆之鋼筋混凝土構架試體的反覆載重之外，也探討其相關模擬分析方法。
經由四座含不同高度之台度磚牆構架試體的試驗結果以及磚牆和構架邊柱之剪力強度的計算與比較可以得知磚牆的破壞與否將會直接影響到短柱破壞的發生，而磚牆的破壞與否則由磚牆的剪力強度和構架邊柱剪力強度的大小來共同決定。特別值得注意的是磚牆的破壞與否將直接影響到一般建築物進行耐震詳細評估時，其邊柱之塑鉸的位置設定，進而影響到分析結果的正確性。另一方面，經由三座短柱補強試體的試驗研究，可以充分評估此三種不同補強工法的補強成效與破壞發展模式等耐震行為。進一步考量補強後是否依舊能保有原來的通風與採光功能，施工的難易程度，補強所需補強經費以及施工時對建築物使用的影響等，最終建議以增設磚翼牆補強為最優先的補強方案，以供專業技師實際應用時的參考。本研究八座實尺寸鋼筋混凝土構架試體除了進行反覆載重試驗之外，也分別進行模擬側推分析，並將分析結果與實驗結果及實驗的破壞發展模式進行比較，探討各種不同模擬分析的可行性及優缺點，最後推薦合理且最佳的模擬分析方法，以做為工程師模擬分析時的依據。

關鍵字

鋼筋混凝土 ； 台度磚牆 ； 短柱 ； 反覆載重試驗 ； 側推分析 ； 耐震補強 ； 磚翼牆 ； RC翼牆

並列摘要

For old existing buildings, especially school buildings, the “short-column” type of damage in the reinforced concrete structures is rather common in the classrooms, where windows infilled top opening brick walls shortened the effective length of almost all the columns. Hence, the school building was found to be the most vulnerable to a severe earthquake among all building types in Taiwan. Consequently, a serial study of RC frames with top opening brick walls was conducted to explore the seismic behaviors of these short-columns. In fact, this study aims to discover the critical failure condition of a short-column; and its evaluation technique and seismic retrofitting techniques. A total number of eight RC frames was designed and fabricated based on old standards for this study. One is a pure frame and will be considered as a benchmark model; four frames are infilled with different heights of top opening brick walls for investigating the critical failure condition of a short-column and its evaluation technique; the rest three frames having the same height of top opening brick walls were seismically retrofitted by using different strengthening methods for the study of the seismic retrofitting techniques for short-columns. A series of cyclic loading tests were conducted for the eight specimens and the nonlinear pushover analysis was also executed for each specimen for exploring its numerical simulation model correspondingly.
Considering the test results of the four frames with different heights of infilled brick walls and the calculations of the shear strengths of brick walls and the adjacent columns, it is concluded that the occurrence of short-column failure all depends on whether or not the infilled brick wall fails. Besides, the failure of the infilled brick wall all depends on whether or not its shear strength is less than that of the adjacent columns. Notice that the numerical simulation results for a RC building might be highly affected by whether or not the failure of infilled brick wall since it affects the specified locations of plastic hinges. On the other hand, the effectiveness of the three seismic retrofitting techniques for RC frames with top opening brick walls was evaluated through the actual tests and their failure modes were also identified. In addition to considering seismic performance, the factors of ventilation, daylighting, construction difficulty and construction cost are also considered. Hence, the addition of a partial brick wall adjacent to the short-column is recommended for the seismic retrofitting of the short-column. After conducting the cyclic loading tests, a nonlinear pushover analysis was carried out for each frame for finding out the best simulation model, where the analytical results were compared to the test results. As a result, the simulation techniques for RC frames with infilled top opening brick walls are recommended for practice.

並列關鍵字

Reinforced Concrete Building ； Short Columns ； Seismic Evaluation ； Seismic Retrofit ； Pushover Analysis ； Brick Wall ； RC Wing Wall

參考文獻

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