鋁合金材料應用於建築結構體之可行性探討

鋁為地球上蘊藏最豐富的金屬元素，約占地球的8 ﹪除具有美觀、耐用、易於加工成形、質輕等優點外，還可與多種其他金屬冶煉成合金，具不同的機械與物理特性。將鋁合金使用在柱梁建築結構體，可有效減輕建築物自重，施工運送方便，但是鋁合金一般多被使在鋁門窗、鋁帷幕，鮮少使用於建築結構體，對於鋁合金構法建築之設計並不清楚。本研究目的為瞭解在台灣鋁合金材料應用於建築結構體之設計要點，以作為今後國內發展鋁合金構法建築之參考。本研究之內容如下所示： 1.以鋁合金使用於柱梁建築結構體時，使用之合金成分、構件尺寸與設計施工流程。 2.透過分析、調查等資料整理，進行鋁合金構法建築之設計操作。本研究方法主要以文獻分析法：藉由搜集有關鋁及鋁合金之文獻資料，瞭解其物理與化學特性，並分析與探討其對於建築應用上之可利用與必須被改善解決之處；並藉由建築設計之操作與透過訪談調查，瞭解其設計之要點。本研究發現鋁合金應用於建築結構體： 1.建築結構體使用之鋁合金材料主要採用軋延材熱處理型合金：6063、6061、6105鋁鎂矽合金。 2.於構件的斷面尺寸設計上，因受限於國內鋁廠之技術能力，樑之深度必須設計在三十公分以下，構件長度必須設計在九米以下。 3.於構件接合處多採用螺栓接合，盡量避免採用焊接之方式接合。

關鍵字

鋁合金；回收重熔；建築結構體

並列摘要

Blessed with the largest stockpile of natural supplies, aluminum accounts for 8% of the total metal reserve on planet earth. It is presentable and durable, light and easy to be processed and profiled. With other metals, it can be turned into various alloys of different mechanical and physical properties. Application of aluminum alloys to building structures such as columns and beams can effectively reduce the weight of the building. Aluminum alloys can be easily transported on construction sites. Yet in most of the cases they are only used in doors and curtain walls and rearely in structural bodies. That’s because we are not familiar with design of architectural frameworks that involve aluminum alloys. The purpose of this study is to understand the design principles pertinent to application of aluminum alloys to building structures. Outcomes of this study may serve as reference for development of aluminum alloy structures in Taiwan. Contents of this study are as follows: 1. Alloy composition, component sizes and design/construction procedures pertinent to application of of aluminum alloys to building structures such as columns and beams. 2. Through data organization such as analysis and surveys, engaging in design operation pertinent to aluminum alloy structuring approaches. This study is mainly based on documentation analysis: Through collection of documentations on aluminum and aluminum alloys, it explores the chemical and physical properties of both, analyzes their architectural applicability and identifies areas to be improved/resolved. Through operations of architectural design and interview surveys, it explores major design considerations. Outcomes of this study pertinent to application of aluminum alloys to building structures: 1. Aluminum alloys used in structural frameworks are mainly thermoprocessed, callendered alloys: 6063, 6061, 6105 Aluminum magnesium silicon alloy. 2. In the area of design of section size of components: Limited by technical constraints of domestic aluminum plants, the depth of beams must be under 30cm and length of components must be under 9m. 3. Bolted joints, instead of welding, are recommended for connection of structural components.