作業環境奈米物質暴露風險與管理之研究

奈米材料在生產、包裝、搬運、設備的清潔、維護及修理等過程中容易發生逸散而使作業人員暴露其中。動物實驗顯示，高暴露劑量下有些奈米物質會引起老鼠肺部纖維化、心血管疾病及敗血症，因此科學家擔心暴露於工程奈米微粒將可能造成工人的健康危害。本研究的主要目的為：1. 藉由皮膚穿透與動物實驗等毒性的評估，探究奈米作業場所的微粒逸散風險評估及逸散風險管理；2. 由評析國外現有的奈米微粒暴露測量方法，以提供國內未來在奈米作業環境管制供作參考。本研究發現目前先進國家不同的奈米物質管理的策略及法規較為完整，我國的奈米管理相對不積極。各國提出的奈米物質暴露測量的技術及方法，提供有效的奈米物質的風險評估與管理方法，可供我國學習。在作業場所吸入性暴露是奈米微粒最可能引起暴露風險的途徑，此外皮膚接觸也為另一潛在途徑，研究發現粒徑小於10奈米的金屬微粒可經由角質脂細胞及毛囊孔洞穿透至較深的角質層，只有少部份會穿透至表皮最外層，無法穿透至表皮層內，除非在皮膚撓曲的位置及傷口。最後本論文建議我國勞委會應盡速公告奈米作業場所之暴露限值，特別是針對毒性很高的奈米碳管。可仿效美國勞工安全衛生研究所NIOSH，訂定奈米碳管的建議暴露限值為7ug/m3。

關鍵字

工程奈米微粒；奈米物質暴露；奈米物質管理；奈米碳管

並列摘要

Workers are easily exposed to nanoparticles during the manufacturing, bagging, handling of nanomaterials and during the cleaning, maintenance and repair of production machine. Animal studies showed that pulmonary fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases and septicemia could be happened when high concentration was inhaled. Therefore, scientists are now concerning workers exposure to engineered nanoparticles. The main objectives of this study are: 1. to study the exposure assessment and management of nanoparticles at workplace by the survey of dermal penetration and animal toxicity studies; 2. to examine the present method of the exposure assessment in the world and provide useful information about control method in domestic workplaces. This study found that some countries already have very good management strategy and regulation for nanoparticles. The method for nanoparticle exposure assessment at workplace used in other countries could be applied in Taiwan. The most common route of exposure to nanomaterials is anticipated to be by inhalation. Besides, dermal contact could be another exposure route. Study found that metallic nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm is able to penetrate the hair follicle and stratum corneum, occasionally reaching the viable epidermis but were unable to permeate the skin. Finally, Taiwan IOSH should promulgate REL for nanoparticles at workplaces, typically for carbon nanotube (CNT). We should follow the US to set the REL of CNT to be 7 ug/m3.

並列關鍵字

Engineered nanoparticle ； nanoparticle exposure ； nanoparticle management ； carbon nanotube

參考文獻

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作業環境奈米物質暴露風險與管理之研究

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