引擎電子氣閥動態分析與平台建立

Dynamic Analysis and Testing of an Electromagnetic Valve Train

曾義傑(Yi-Jie Zeng)

指導教授 ： 蕭耀榮

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/車輛工程系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2011.00495

摘要

一般傳統電子氣閥(electromagnetic valve)的設計，主要是運用雙E型線圈組通電產生磁力的原理來驅動氣閥，達成氣閥開啟與關閉的目的。如果需要達成氣閥維持開啟或關閉，則必須將線圈持續通電；此一方式需要消耗較大能量。本研究設計一種利用永久磁鐵和電磁鐵之複合式新型電子氣閥，取代雙E型線圈組來大幅降低能量的消耗，達成節能減碳的目的。
本文之研究目的分為兩個部份，第一部分在於新型電子氣閥的動態模擬與分析，以及其實驗平台之建立。在氣閥動態模擬探討氣閥位移與速度之動態分析結果。而後，針對此第一代新型電子氣閥進行尺寸確認，並加以探討其加工方法與材料選定，以及架設周邊感測元件與彈簧規格的設計與選定，建立新型電子氣閥的實測平台。
第二部分提出一新型雙永磁電磁複合式引擎電子氣閥之設計與模擬分析。特點在採用順向引導式之磁路走向以釋放電樞，以及更簡單之緩接觸控制。其基本架構主要是利用對稱式的雙永磁之設計，來增加系統對電樞的作用力與擴大作用力範圍，並使用順向電磁線圈組為輔，控制通過電磁線圈組之電流來引導永久磁鐵之主要磁路走向，進而可釋放或吸附電樞，達到引擎電子氣閥之運作。
本研究並進行此新型雙永磁電磁複合式電子氣閥之最佳化分析，確立系統之最佳化尺寸，並分析系統磁路之走向以確定磁路之走向與設計相符。最後進行電子氣閥動態分析，分析電子氣閥之電樞與氣閥在動態運作時的位移與速度，並提出一低耗能、低複雜度之緩接觸控制方法，使電子氣閥之接觸速度能有效降低。

關鍵字

電子氣閥 ； 氣閥動態 ； 可變氣門正時

並列摘要

Conventional electromagnetic valves were designed by the concept of double E-type coils. Valve action is actuated by the magnetic force from the coils in order to drive valve open or closed. By this way it consumes large energy to hold valve in open or closed position. This study had designed a new electromagnetic valve by using both permanent magnet and electromagnet to replace the double E-type coils. It effectively reduced energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission.
The objective of this study is divided into two parts. The first part is to perform dynamic simulation and analysis for a new type of electromagnetic valve, and then to establish of the experimental platform. From the results of simulation, the dynamic responses of valve displacement and velocity were analyzed. After that, the dimensions of an experimental platform were decided for the electromagnet valve. The manufacturing methods and materials were also evaluated. Finally, the corresponding springs and sensing elements were determined.
The second part proposed a dual PM/EM hybrid electromagnetic valves, and performed to do dynamic simulation and analysis. The advantages of the new hybrid electromagnetic valves are forward guidance of magnetic flux for armature releasing, and simple soft landing control algorithm. The basic structure of the new hybrid electromagnetic valve adopted symmetric design for dual permanent magnet to increase system catching force and force range on the armature. And the system used forward electromagnetic coils to form a secondary magnetic channel, by controlling the forward current through the electromagnetic coil, the magnetic strength resulted from the permanent magnet in the primary channel would be changed. This could release or catch the armature to achieve the operation of electromagnetic valves.
In this study, the dimensional optimization for the dual PM/EM hybrid electromagnetic valves was also performed. Then the magnetic flux was simulated and analyzed to verify the design and performance of the new hybrid electromagnetic valve. Finally, the dynamic responses of valve displacement and velocity were carefully analyzed to check the performance limits of this electromagnetic valve. A simple low-energy control algorithm for soft landing control was also proposed to significantly reduce the valve impact force in landing.

並列關鍵字

electromagnetic valve ； valve dynamics ； variable valve timing

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