以誘導式結構理論探討揚聲器音響特性並以實例驗證

Discussion of speaker acoustics based on Heuristic Structure theory and verify in a real case

張逸群(Yi-Chun Chang)

指導教授 ： 蔡仁惠

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2011.00501

摘要

音樂性即樂感。樂感是聽眾對音樂的愉悅感受。這種美好內涵包括韻律、和諧、平衡。音效是人工製造或加強的聲音，用來增強音樂內容的聲音處理。揚聲器為聲音之再生系統，優質的揚聲器撥放音樂時，可以讓音樂接近真實的重現，但一般市售之揚聲器，再生之音樂，其音樂性不明顯，感受到的只是音響效果，對於音樂性之部分之呈現較不明顯。
本論文將以「誘導式結構」，推導聲音富音樂性之優質揚聲器設計原則，讓其與現行之「音響20要」同步評斷專利「新型189818」、「新型190315」所做改造之市售之揚聲器，同步驗證與傳統設計之揚聲器有何差異並互相探討。本研究藉由人之認知感受，不同音箱構造方式之改變，對於揚聲器表現之音樂性有何不同，再藉由聲音與聽覺之認知感受議題、音樂性議題、揚聲器議題、國內外揚聲器製作技術、學說及相關案例文獻探討與分析。經由文獻探討分析歸納出十項高音質揚聲器設計原則，並分為兩類十項：
一、感覺認知之設計原則有四項：
1. 揚聲器所再生之音高、旋律、和聲及調性變化差異小，聚合度高，解析力越高。
2. 聲音響度範圍越大越增加其音樂豐富性。
3. 優質揚聲器再生之音樂播放，會使聽者產生深刻之音像，心理感受越深。
4. 揚聲器之聲音忠實度越高，音像越清晰，所再生之聲音便具備更豐富之音樂性。
二、 音響技術之設計原則有六項：
1.有效減低揚聲器音箱內部壓力，使內部壓力均勻力道充足，效率更好。
2. 揚聲器內部空氣壓力以合理速度釋放將使再生之樂音聚合，引起全身共鳴。
3. 揚聲器單體背後有適度空間，使發出之背波不受阻礙時，能發出完整之頻率響應，各頻率聲音強度將做適度延伸，造就富空間感之音場。
4. 減低箱體內部駐波，排除吸音棉設置性，顯現完整頻率及提升效率。
5. 正確開孔使壓力適度釋放，將使單體發出適度泛音，能使揚聲器產生更完整豐富之音頻。
6. 減少單體本身垂直向之擺動使音質穩定發揮效率。
並依此十項歸結推演簡化為十項評斷項目成為「音響十要」。與「圖示音響20要」同步評斷，專利「新型189818」、「新型190315」所做改造之市售之揚聲器，同步驗證上述專利改善過後與傳統揚聲器後，兩項頻斷標準都顯現出改造過後之揚聲器確實音質有顯著改善。所聽到播放出之音樂，音樂性、忠實度明顯提升。希望本論文能提供業界一設計新思維，作為未來高音質揚聲器設計之參考依據。

關鍵字

音樂性 ； 揚聲器音箱設計原則 ； 誘導式結構

並列摘要

Musicality is Sense of music. Sense of music is the pleasant feelings of audience. The good content, including rhythm , harmony and balance. Audio is artificial sounds, used to enhance the sound of music content processing. Speakers is reproduce system of the sound , when high-quality speaker play music , you can let the music close to the real return, but the speaker of the general market, the music is not good enough, only the sound effects feel without sense of music.

The thesis will adopt "Heuristic Structure" to study, Derivation of the rich Musicality sound design principles of high-quality speaker ,derivation of the rich transformation of commercial speakers by patent "new type 189,818","new type 190,315" and synchronization test with the " 20 points of speaker ".chick the differences and discussion each other. This thesis is perception cognitive experience of people of different methods , the structures of the different changes in speaker, What's the difference in musicality performance of the speaker . Analysis and summarized of ten high-quality speaker design principles from literature , by the issues of sound and hearing perception , musicality issues, speakers, issues , speaker production technology of the world, theory and the relevant cases analysis of literature review . summarized ten design principles of high-quality speaker from literature review .and induction ten divided into two categories:

1. Four design principles of sensory perception:
(1) Speaker of the reproduce of the pitch, melody, harmony and the small differences in tone changes, aggregation higher, resolving power is higher.
(2) The greater loudness range increase the music richness
(3) When high-quality speaker reproduce the music, will make the listener profound imagine of the sound and make psychological feelings deeper.
(4) When the sound from speaker with higher fidelity, the imagine of sound will clearer, reproduce of the sound will have the more extensive musical.

2. Six design principles of audio technology:
(1) The efficiency will become better , when speakers enclosure internal pressure effectively reduce, the internal pressure will be uniform and the strength sufficient ,
(2) When speaker release the internal air pressure in reasonable time , the music will make reproduce polymer, causing the body resonance.
(3) The complete frequency response make by moderate space behind the speaker source and the wave unimpeded , the frequency of the sound intensity will be moderate extension, creating the sound field with sense of stage.

(4) To reduce speaker enclosure internal standing wave, excluded put in sound-absorbing cotton , will produce the full frequency and increase efficiency.
(5) Correct speakers pressure release hole, will produce an appropriate harmonic , the speaker can produce a full frequency.
(6) Reduce the vertical vibration of the source the sound efficiency will stable.

And simplify the ten attributed to deduction ten judge become " 10 points of speaker " with " 20 points of speaker " synchronization judge the commercially available speaker transformation by patent "new type 189,818","new type 190,315".After test sound quality indeed significant improvement by transformation and make sure from two synchronization judge. musicality, loyalty has improved significantly when the music plays from speakers. I wish this thesis provide the industry a new way of thinking , to be the design reference of high-quality speakers for future.

並列關鍵字

Musical ； Speaker enclosure design principles ； Heuristic Structure

參考文獻

[16] 呂怡萱、蔡振家，2009，從神經科學的觀點探討動作想像對於音樂演奏的重要，關渡音樂學刊 第11 期，頁75-90。

Auditory-motor interaction revealed by fMRI: speech, music, and working memory in area Spt. J Cogn Neurosci, 15(5), 673-682. (間接引用)

Investigating emotion with music: an fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp, 27(3), 239-250. (間接引用)

[11] LAWRENCE E. KINSLER&AUSTIN R. FREY&ALAN B. COPPENS&JAMES V. SANDERS, 《FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTICS》, 狀元出版社, 1982, 台灣：台北。

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