臺灣室內裝修建材黴菌診斷及改善方法之研究

A Study on Fungus Diagnosis and Improvement methods of Building Materials in Taiwan

曾婷婷(Tseng,Ting-Ting)

指導教授 ： 邵文政

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

臺灣本土氣候高溫高濕極適合黴菌生長，對人體而言黴菌感染會引起各種疾病。據統計臺灣室內環境中黴菌主要來自室內裝修設計所使用的建材，如木材、矽酸鈣板、石膏板及一般塗料等，其建材表面與背面都是易吸收水分之材質，容易積存水分，亦無防黴處理，造成黴菌孢子繁殖。如何控制室內裝修建材濕度，避免建材生物性黴菌增長，為營造健康室內環境品質之重要課題。
綜觀國外綠建材標章，已逐步增加其健康性能，目前國內綠建材標章尚未將「防黴抗菌」納入評定基準，又無適用於建材之黴菌診斷標準試驗（CNS）方法，多半僅能借鏡國外相關規定。因此本研究期能建立產業界適用之「非破壞性建材黴菌診斷流程」，針對臺灣室內環境、建材濕度進行實場檢測調查，與建材受黴菌污染情形進行相關性分析，歸納易受黴菌污染之室內裝修建材種類與原因，分別使用物理性、化學性等改善方式，進行室內裝修建材之濕度與黴菌控制，並提出具體改善成果之效益。本研究具體成果如下：
一、建立非破壞性建材黴菌診斷流程。
二、建材黴菌生長與濕度及結露現象成正比。
三、易受黴菌污染之室內裝修建材種類。
四、室內裝修建材黴菌改善方法。
五、撥水劑無防黴功效。
六、使用防黴劑添加填縫劑，無法確實達到防黴再現性，推測與加工方式有關。

關鍵字

室內裝修建材 ； 濕度 ； 黴菌 ； 防黴 ； 撥水劑

並列摘要

The high temperature and high humidity in Taiwan is suitable for the growth of fungus. To a human body, the infection of fungus may cause various diseases including allergies, rhinitis, asthma, dermatosis, athlete’s foot and keratitis. According to statistics, the fungus indoor in Taiwan mainly comes from building materials used for interior de-sign, such as wood, calcium silicate board, gypsum board and general coating. The sur-face and back of the building materials are water absorbable, so moisture is easily kept in. Also, they are not fungus-proof, which causes the reproduction of fungus spores. Therefore, how to control the humidity of building materials for interior design and how to avoid the growth of biological fungus, it has become an important issue in the estab-lishment of a healthy indoor environment.
The green building material label in foreign countries has gradually increased its health function. Up to present, the green building material label in Taiwan has not in-cluded “fungus-prevention and anti-germ” in its evaluation standard. In addition, it does not apply to CNS that diagnoses fungus in building materials, and mostly it can merely depend on related regulations abroad. Therefore, the study aims to establish a “non-destructive diagnostic approach for fungus on building materials” that applies to related industries. The interior environment and humidity of building materials had been examined and investigated, and building materials being contaminated by fungus had been analyzed to induce the types and causes of building materials for interior design that were vulnerable for fungus contamination. Physical and chemical methods were used to improve the humidity of building materials and to control fungus, and concrete improvement benefits were proposed. The results of the study can serve as reference for future designers, builders, users and property management companies. The concrete re-sults of the study are as follows:
I. Establishment of Non-Destructive Diagnostic Approach for Fungus Contami-nation on Building Materials
The diagnostic approach could be divided into four stages. The first stage was “Observation Approach” to judge parts that had problems of fungus and condensation of moisture. The second one was “Humidity Measurement Approach for Building Materials.” A moisture analyzer was used to understand moisture on building materials. The third one was “Diagnostic Approach by Wiping” to determine the degree of fungus contamination on building materials. If they were seriously contaminated, the fourth stage, “Diagnostic Approach for Categorization Test,” was conducted, and samples were preserved in low temperatures and sent to a temperature and humidity chamber to be cultivated and to confirm fungus contamination quantity on building materials.

II. Growth of Fungus on Building Materials Directly Proportional to Humidity and Condensation of Moisture
Relativity analysis was conducted with the results of the experiment. It had been discovered that the humidity of over 70% on building materials was directly propor-tional to the concentration of fungus. The phenomenon of condensation of moisture was also in positive correlation with the concentration of fungus.

III.Types of Building Materials for Interior Design Vulnerable for Fungus Con-tamination
It had been discovered that porous materials such as plywood, cement board, cal-cium silicate board and gypsum board were vulnerable to moisture, and thus, fungus started to reproduce. In addition, building materials that contained rich nutrients for fungus such as coating, wallpaper glue and silicon were vulnerable to fungus contami-nation.
IV. Approaches to Improve Fungus on Building Materials for Interior Design
After determining the causes of fungus and its contamination degree on building materials by the non-destructive diagnostic approach for fungus on building materials, water leakage or condensation of moisture has to be improved first. Then, on the basis of fungus contamination degree on building materials, different approaches can be con-ducted to improve fungus. If it is preliminarily contaminated, wiping with a wet rag is acceptable. If it is moderately contaminated, it is required to wipe with a wet rag con-taining 5% of sodium hypochlorite, while if it is seriously contaminated, it is necessary to improve the problem by fungus inhibitor.

V. Water Repellent Not Fungus-Proof
Water repellent can only prevent building materials from contact with moisture, but it is not fungus-proof.

VI.Fungus Inhibitor-Added Silicon not Fungus-Proof and Might be Due to its Processing Method
It had been discovered that if fungus inhibitor was added to silicon at production stage, it was not fungus-proof due to its bad dispersal. However, if fungus inhibitor was added at the end of raw material, it had better fungus prevention effect. It is suggested that building materials of high viscosity should be added with fungus inhibitor before processing.

並列關鍵字

building materials ； humidity ； improvement methods of Fungus

參考文獻

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