- 學位論文
費茲傑羅≪大亨小傳≫中之敍寫欲望和欲望敍寫
Narrating Desire, Desiring Narrative in Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby
摘要
歷來對於《大亨小傳》之研究包含了美國夢、種族、女性地位以及敍述者可信度等等議題。評論家對於敍述者尼克•凱若威的可信度持兩極化的觀點:史得曼聲稱尼克是個偽君子而佛瑞德列克•霍夫曼卻認為尼克的敍述沒有問題。敍述者說故事的意圖包括了想要重複的欲望，使過去發生的事能重來一次。除此之外，彼得•布魯克斯宣稱欲望是敍事體的主題及動力。由於這些討論的激發促使本研究探討敍述故事之本質，此研究進而檢視欲望、敍事體策略、重複之間的交互關係。 文本的標題《大亨小傳》顯示其內容為一位大亨的故事。我將爭論此文本乃是尼克的自傳與蓋茲比的傳記。尼克是第一人稱敍述者，也是涉於劇情的角色之一。他寫作《大亨小傳》的目的在於聲明想要敍述與重複過去的欲望。藉由書寫他個人的自傳與蓋茲比的傳記，尼克又回到值得紀念的過往。 本研究共有五章。第一章為研究動機、背景介紹。第二章經由心理分析之角度檢視欲望的本質並探究蓋茲比自白與自我創造的欲望。第三章檢視敍述者之聲音，強調可從保羅•狄•曼所書寫的自傳體來了解《大亨小傳》。第四章以尼采與德勒茲來檢視重複的概念，強調重複是為了不同而非相同的結果。最後一章結論論定蓋茲比與尼克都欲望重複過去但兩人的重複卻不盡相同。
並列摘要
Researches on The Great Gatsby include topics like American dream, ethnicity, women’s position and narrator’s credibility. The narrator’s credibility has raised polarized viewpoints among critics. R. W. Stallman claims that Nick is a “hypocrite” while Frederick J. Hoffman believes that Nick’s narration is not problematic. In storytelling, the narrator’s intention to tell a story contains the desire to repeat, so that what happened in the past can be brought to the present. In addition, Peter Brooks asserts that desire is the theme and motor of the narrative. Prompted by these discussions, this paper aims to explore the nature of storytelling, in which I scrutinize desire, the politics of narrative, repetition and their interrelationship. The title of the novel, The Great Gatsby, shows that this is a text about a man named Gatsby. I maintain that the text is Nick’s autobiographical account of himself and biographical account of Gatsby. Nick is the first-person narrator as well as a character involved in the plot. His purpose of writing The Great Gatsby is to articulate his desire to narrate and to repeat the past. By writing an autobiographical and biographical account of himself and Gatsby, he retrieves the memorable past. This research is consisted of five chapters. Chapter One, “Introduction,” introduces the motivation and the background. Chapter Two, “Desire for Narrative and Identity,” examines the nature of desire through psychoanalytic perspective and explores Gatsby’s confessional and self-fashioning desires. Chapter Three, “The Great Gatsby as an ‘Autobiographical Project,’” inspects the narrator’s voice, claiming that The Great Gatsby can be understood as what Paul de Man calls an “autobiographical project.” Chapter Four, “Trauma, Repetition and Eternal Return,” scrutinizes the concept of repetition through Nietzsche and Deleuze, arguing the repetition is the repetition of difference, not of the same. The Conclusion concludes that both Gatsby and Nick desire to repeat the past but their belief in the repetition is different.