室內體育場所空調氣流對舒適度之影響研究

A Study on Thermal Comfort Influence of HVAC Airflow in Indoor Sport Arena

郭勝琪(Sheng-Chi Kuo)

指導教授 ： 蔡尤溪

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班/碩士(2008年)

摘要

室內大型運動場所因其體積之大、人員之多，環控之設計有異於其它類之建築。本研究以台北市正在規劃中的巨蛋為研究對象，針對其空調氣流分佈對看台區人員舒適度之影響，以得到最佳的送風方式，進而利用氣流分佈設計使降低空調送風至看台區，即減少空調系統送風量，達到省能之效果，且透過PMV熱舒適指標，評估人員對空調的滿意度。
本研究將針對三種空調送風設計分別是（1）座位上方送風及上方排風，（2）座位送風及上方排風，以及（3）座位上方送風及下方排風，並將不同之送風量與送風溫度進行數值運算。
在數值運算方面前處理部份將FLUENT及AIRPAK結合以建構外觀複雜的3D物理模型，其求解核心以FLUENT進行數值模擬。將其模擬結果之溫度值與速度值，以及人體代謝量與衣著熱阻之影響因子，藉由舒適度指標比較各種空調送風設計之差異。
最後分析結果，則案例（2）座位送風及上方排風與送風量為40cmh時，其舒適度最佳，其舒適度範圍在 -1.52 ~ -0.03。以此空調送風方式可以達到節能之效果，以較低的送風量，使得看台區人員達到最好的舒適度並節能空調及送風能源。

關鍵字

巨蛋 ； 大空間 ； 氣流模擬 ； 舒適度 ； 體育館

並列摘要

Due to the large building size and people density, the multi-functional environment control is design is different from other kinds of buildings. This study used the Taipei Dome that is under planning for the case study. Air-conditioning air distribution for occupant comfort is designed with minimum airflow that supplies mainly to the spectator area. PMV thermal comfort is evaluated with energy saving for airflow.
This study evaluated three HVAC air supply design for the spectator area, namely, (1) top supply and exhaust, (2) bottom supply and top exhaust, (3) top supply and exhaust at the spectator platform. These designs were evaluated for different airflow rates by computer numerical computing.
In the computation, FLUENT and AIRPAK are use in combination to construct the complex 3D physical models, and the solver is FLUENT. The simulation results are the temperature and air velocity values. By use of the metabolic activity of the body and thermal insulation provided by garments and clothing ensembles, indicators of comfort can be compared for the difference in HVAC air supply design.
The results obtained are, case (2) with air volume of 40 m3/h provides the best comfort, and the PMV range is 1.52 ~ -0.03. By using the energy-saving HVAC design could achieve the effect of lower volume air supply, and also provide the most comfortable environment to the spectators.

並列關鍵字

Dome ； Large space ； CFD ； Thermal comfort ； Arena

參考文獻

[4] A. I. Stamou, I. Kactsiris, A. Schaclin., “Evaluation of thermal comfort in Galatsi Arena of OLympics”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 2007.

[6] A. I. Stamou, I. Kactsiris, A. Schaclin., “Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in Indoor Stadiums of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games with CFD Models:Case of Nikea Indoor Stadium”, Journal of Architectural, pp.130-135, Sep. 2007.

[8] Fire Dynamics Simulator, Building and Fire Research Lab., NIST, 2005

[14] J. Chen, H. Chen, S. Fu, “Numerical Investigation of Fire Smoke Transport in the Tsinghua University Sports Center”, Tsinghua Science and Technology, Vol. 10, pp.618-622, October 2005.

[18] T. Nishioka, K. Ohtaka, N. Hashimoto, H. Onojima., “Measurement and evaluation of the indoor thermal environment in a large domed stadium”, Energy and Building, Vol.32, pp.217-223, 2000.