串連式濕地系統淨化效率現地試驗之研究

Study of An On-Site Trial of Water Purification Efficiency of Combined Constructed Wetlands System

闕乃羚(Nai-Ling Chueh)

指導教授 ： 林鎮洋

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境規劃與管理研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

水質自然淨化系統係以營造一個理想的生態系統，使系統自行將能量與物質發揮至最大量並轉化為系統內之生物質量及有機物，以達到去除污水之目的，目前大多應用於污水下水道未及地區、削減非點源污染、或搭配一般傳統污水處理廠設置。
本研究以翡翠水庫管理局於2005年在北勢溪沿岸渡南橋旁所建置之串連式濕地系統為例，該系統設置主要串連不同單元之生態溼地，以處理該集水區內之降雨非點源污染與地面逕流，將場址周邊營養物質滯留於系統內而降低污染物質流至水庫中之流達率。本研究主要以不同之淨化效率分析方法，針對本研究場址建置完成後至今之淨化效率進行探討評估。在5次降雨事件中，系統氨氮及總磷之效率比（ER）分別為61.9％、87.5％，均高於平均濃度削減率（RR）45.1％及43.8％，另外，加上15次晴天水質採樣資料統計發現，本系統不論降雨或晴天，入流濃度越高淨化效率越顯著，且經由效率比（ER）、濃度削減率（RR）或流通率（flux rate）計算分析，均可得知本系統降雨期間之淨化效率較晴天之淨化效率高，並證明本系統以串連不同單元型式生態溼地所營造之生態系統，其加乘出之淨化效率百分之百超越各單元淨化理論相加預計值，有效滯留營養物質，每年削減非點源污染之總磷入庫量約8.7 kg，進而改善水庫優養化之情形。
本研究亦發現本串連式濕地系統之總磷流通率或去除量之變化比濃度削減率更明顯可以表示系統是否遭受損壞或破壞，提供系統操作者或工程師判定執行維護修復最佳時機及工作項目之參考，以確保投資效率之維持。

關鍵字

濕地系統 ； 淨化效率 ； 濃度削減率 ； 效率比 ； 流通率

並列摘要

The Natural Treatment Systems (NTS) is building an ideal ecosystem, which are elaborated to energy and substances the most a large number of and convert into organism mass and organic matters as far as possible of itself, in order to achieve the goal of clean Water. NTS have been applied to treatment wastewater in unsewered areas, and decrease non-point source (NPS) pollution, and have been set up with the traditional sewage treatment plant at present.
The research is a case of combined constructed wetlands system, which was built on the side of near Donan Bridge and located on the bank of Peishih Creek by Taipei Feitsui Reservoir Administration in 2005. The systems that were considered to link the various units of ecological wetlands have dealt with NPS of the rainfall and surface runoff of the watershed in which the surrounding nutrition is remained on the system to decrease the flux rate that the pollutants flow to the reservoir. The study is to research purification efficiency using different kinds of analytical method from the time of the system was set up to the present. In the 5 times rainfall events, ER of the ammonia nitrogen and the total phosphorus in the system are 61.9%, 87.5% respectively, higher than 45.1% and 43.8% of average RR. Add up the 5 times rainfall events and the 15 times water quality sampling data in sunny day and get the result, which is purification efficiency is more and more apparent with the concentration of inflow higher. Furthermore, after accounting and analyzing the ER, the RR, and the flux rate of the data, the result which the purification efficiency during the rainy day is higher than sunny day, and proved that the system which build the ecosystem in linking various units of ecological wetlands bring about the purification efficiency can surmount the theory estimated value of all unit summation over 100% .The system hold up the nutrition effectively, and decreased the amount of the total phosphorus which flowed into the reservoir is 8.7 kg in each year, and then to retard eutrophication of the reservoir.
The study also showed that the variation of flux rate or mass rate more conspicuous than RR to indicate that whether the systems were damaged or destroyed, providing the references for the system operators and engineers can decide what are the best timing of repairing and what are the work projects in order to maintain the income on investment.

並列關鍵字

Constructed Wetlands System ； Water Purification Efficiency ； Removal Rate ； Efficiency Ratio ； flux rates

參考文獻

[2] 方偉達、周睿鈺，「河川續動與洪泛脈動：探討河域生態學之演進觀念」，臺灣大學建築與城鄉學報，第14期，2006。

[4] 台灣大學生物環境系統工程學系，水質自然淨化工法彙編，台北：行政院環境保護署，2004。

[14] 行政院環境保護署，生態工法應用於河川污染整治（宣導版），2003。

[19] 瑞昶科技股份有限公司，翡翠水庫生態工法水質改善計畫統包工程服務建議書，台北：瑞昶科技股份有限公司，2005。

[22] 陳惠玲，非點源污染控制措施不同方法除污效率之探討，碩士論文，臺北科技大學環境規劃與管理研究所，台北，2006。