以自由浮時與完全浮時進行資源平滑之差異性研究

A study on the difference of project resource leveling based on free float and total float of project activities

陳怡君(Yi-Jiun Chen)

指導教授 ： 林逾先

國立臺北科技大學/管理學院/經營管理系碩士班/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2013.00529

摘要

專案管理中所考慮的因素為工期、成本、資源等三大方面，而資源的運用對其專案有莫大的影響。1960年代的要徑法與計畫評核術只考慮到「僅含時間的資訊(Time-only Information)」，使得處理實際專案排程問題上之實用性大受限制。由於規劃時之資源需求圖(Resource Requirement Profile) 過大的起伏經常會造成資源調配上的困擾，因此，在專案管理中，資源平滑是重要的研究課題。資源平滑就是在專案總工期確定的條件下，調整各個活動的開始時間，以實現專案總工期範圍內資源需求量能夠均勻的分配。
本研究以資源平滑為目標，運用Burgess的平滑方法為基礎，發展一個以完全浮時 (Total Float) 為平滑準則的啟發式方法資源平滑模式，求得最小之資源平方和，並構築詳細之平滑流程與步驟，更進一步利用範例進行驗證，據此以驗證完全浮時資源平滑之可行性。最後比較分析不同浮時其平滑流程與結果存在差異性之原因，並分析不同專案特性適合何種浮時之資源平滑。

關鍵字

專案管理 ； 資源平滑 ； 啟發法 ； 專案作業浮時

並列摘要

The three major factors in the project management are scheduling, costing and resources. Among them, resource is the most important factor. Critical Path Method and Program Evaluation and Review Technique only consider “Time-only Information”. This causes great limitation in solving the practical project scheduling problems. Because the high degree of resource fluctuation will often cause the difficulty on the resource allocation, resource leveling has become an important topic in the study of project management. Resource leveling is defined as, under the specified project completion time, the approach to reduce the degree of fluctuation in resource profile during project resource scheduling.
The main purpose of this research is to construct a resource leveling model based on total float. In this study, a new heuristic based on Burgess’s method was proposed to tackle resource leveling problems. The goal of this research is to establish detailed procedures and steps leading to the minimum sum of squares for resource usage at each time unit during the project completion time. We have conducted verifications toward the validity of our proposed approaches through illustrations and analysis. Finally, this research compares the difference between using total float time and using free float time in the proposed resource leveling approach and attempts to analyze the characteristics of different projects suitable for either the total float or free float in resource leveling.

並列關鍵字

Project Management ； Resource Leveling ； Heuristic Method ； Float time

參考文獻

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