台灣地區陸上砂石資源分布特性與開發策略之研究

砂石為經濟建設及營建工程不可或缺的基礎原料，過去都是依賴河川砂石供應，但河川砂石在長期大量採掘及補充源不足情況下，可採量已呈現枯竭。未來的供應勢必轉向開發陸上砂石為主，並以進口砂石、砂石替代物與其他再生砂石為輔的多元供應來源，始能達到供需平衡，這是必然趨勢，也是政府既定政策。台灣地區目前的砂石供應圈逐漸擴大，運輸距離不斷延長，不僅增加道路交通負荷；同時提高供應成本。為了解決砂石供應圈擴大問題，本研究深入探討台灣北、中、南及東部地區陸上砂石之分布特性及開發潛力，如何將各區域蘊藏之砂石開發就近供應使用，建立區域供應體系。研究結果顯示：(1)台灣地區擁有豐富的陸上砂石資源，但只賦存於特定的地域與地質，分布不平均，品質差異大，導致區域供需無法平衡；(2)台灣地區較有開發潛力的陸上砂石為坡地及平地砂石，而西部新第三紀含砂岩地層碎石母岩骨材品質約半數以上屬劣級，品質不穩定，開發潛力低；古第三紀含砂岩地層骨材雖抗壓強度高，品質屬佳級，但因分布於高山偏遠地區，整體生產成本高；(3)開採陸上砂石除受相關法規與環境敏感區的限制外；另對於區位適宜性、土地取得、土地利用程度、交通條件及市場需求等因素亦須加以重視。本研究以排除式及比較式準則篩選出較具開發潛力的砂石資源區，並研提適用於各種砂石類別及不同情況之開發策略；同時針對目前陸上砂石開發所遭遇之困難及問題提出因應對策。本研究認為在完整的砂石政策、合理可行的砂石開採法令配套及配合有效的開發策略，可順利推動陸上砂石開發利用，解決跨區供應問題。

關鍵字

砂石；平地砂石；坡地砂石；母岩

並列摘要

Sand and gravel is an essential material in construction engineering. In the past, sand and gravel was mainly exploited from river, but now its exploitable amount has decreased gradually due to the mass exploitation for long term and the insufficient renewal. According to the factors mentioned above, in the future the major supply must be from land sand and gravel, and the minor supply will be from importing sand and gravel, substitute for sand and gravel, and reprocessing sand and gravel, such that it will be able to achieve balance between supply and demand. At present the supply circle of sand and gravel is enlarged gradually so that transportation distance is increased gradually. That raises not only traffic loading but also the cost of exploiting sand and gravel. To resolve this problem, this study investigates the distribution and the exploitation potential of land sand and gravel in Taiwan to set up the supply system of sand and gravel. The study results reveal that: (1) there are abundant resources of land sand and gravel in Taiwan, but it is only in the specific regions and geology, and it is uneven in distribution and has a big difference in quality, so that the local supply and demand can’t be balanced; (2) among land sand and gravel, Slope-land sand and gravel and plain sand and gravel have higher potential to exploit in Taiwan, but Parent rock of Miocene strata with sandstone has a poor quality of about above its half in western Taiwan, so it has low potential to exploit; besides, the sand and gravel of Paleocene strata with sandstone has a good quality with high strength, but its cost to exploit is higher due to lying to remote districts; (3) in addition to the limitation of the related laws and the environmentally sensitive area, all limiting factors related to exploiting land sand and gravel must also be considered such as the suitability of exploitation location, the acquirement of exploitation land, the degree of land use, the traffic condition, the market demand and so on. This study sieves out sand and gravel areas with high exploitation potential by the exclusive and comparative methods, and brings up exploitation strategies in various sand and gravel and conditions. At the same time this study brings up the strategies for the problems encountered in exploiting land sand and gravel. Land sand and gravel can be exploited safely and economically only if perfect sand and gravel policies, reasonable and feasible laws of exploiting sand and gravel, and effective exploitation strategies can be carried out to resolve the problem of sand and gravel supply across regions.