以微波法製備鎳氧化物之研究

A Study on the Preparation of Nickel Oxides by Microwave

張俊偉(Drin-Wei Chaung)

指導教授 ： 蔡德華

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/化學工程研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

微波是一種以電磁波形式存在的非游離輻射，微波可以引發離子的遷移（Ion migration）與偶極矩的轉動（Dipole rotation），使得分子產生運動，透過分子間的摩擦而使溫度升高。自從1986年微波合成技術開始發展以來，由於微波能具有均勻、快速的加熱，並且能夠對於被加熱物質進行有效的溫度控制等特點，很快的微波技術已經廣泛的應用在化學合成與化學分析的用途上。
本研究是以微波法製備氫氧化鎳，並以高溫煅燒製成氧化鎳，實驗以硫酸鎳為前驅物，加入不同濃度之碳酸鈉，並以不同功率微波製備出氫氧化鎳，分別再以氫氧化納和氨水做為沉澱劑調節至pH為11時所產生氫氧化鎳之沉降，以XRD測量結果發現用1比1.25之硫酸鎳和碳酸鈉用微波法以500瓦13分鐘製備之氫氧化鎳雜質峰最為少，特徵峰最為明顯。
將微波所製備出的氫氧化鎳加入不同比例之過硫酸鉀和氫氧化鉀的溶液中，並以75 ℃加熱攪拌24小時後水洗過濾可得到NiOOH黑色粉末，以XRD測量並得到生成烴基氧化鎳的最適合比例。
以上述所製備出的氫氧化鎳經由300 ℃煅燒1小時可得到氧化鎳，以XRD測量結果得知隨著煅燒溫度的提高，氧化鎳的雜質逐漸減少。

關鍵字

微波法 ； 碳酸鈉 ； 氫氧化鎳 ； 烴基氧化鎳 ； 氧化鎳 ； XRD

並列摘要

Microwave is an electromagnetic wave form of non-ionic radiation that can induce ion migration and dipole rotation to bring about molecule motion during the friction between molecules result in raising temperature. Because microwave has the characteristic of even and fast heating and can effecturely control the temperature of the materials which are being heated, the microwave technique has extensively applied in chemical synthesis and analysis since 1986.
This research prepared nickel hydroxide utilizing microwave techniques using nickel sulfate as a precursor and varying concentrations of sodium carbonate, nickel hydroxide was preparded using different powers, Sodium hydroxide and ammonia were used as the precipitating agent to adjust solution pH to 11, the nickel hydroxid deposits were exammed utilizing XRD, The results indirated that 1:1.25 ratio of nickel sulfate to sodium carbonate produced nickel hydroxide which had the highest purity.
Different amount of potassium persulfate and potassium hydroxide solution were added to the nickel hydroxide produced and the resultant solution was heated at 75℃ and stirred for 24 hours later. After filtration, The black NiOOH power was obtaned XRD techniques were used to measure the final products and to deduce the most suitable recipes for preparing NiOOH.
Nickel oxide can be obtained by heating nickel hydroxide obtained at 300 ℃. XRD measurement indivated that the purest NiO can be produced after 500 ℃ calcination.

並列關鍵字

Microwave method ； Sodium carbonate ； Nickel hydroxide ； Nickel oxyhydroxide ； Nickel oxide ； XRD

參考文獻

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