開合式單跨救災輕便橋之研究與開發

Research and Development of Single-span Bascule Bridges for Disaster Relief

黃柏慎(Po-Shen Huang)

指導教授 ： 尹世洵

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

台灣位於亞熱帶，常受颱風影響，由於台灣地形坡陡且急，加上極端天氣的改變，造成強降雨越趨明顯，使得近年來橋梁常因洪水與土石流發生毀壞。
當橋梁毀壞時，最重要的就是恢復交通。目前所知的便橋有鋼便橋、FRP便橋或者是軍用的架橋車，但此類便橋笨重且運送不易，因此，本研究針對上述缺點，設計出開合式單跨輕便橋，可作為臨時緊急救災橋梁，在第一時間解決交通中斷的問題。由於所設計的單跨橋重量輕且方便收納，民眾可以在半小時內自己組裝完成，即便在偏遠山區或交通不易到達地區，也可以使用。
本研究之輕便橋利用縮圖器的概念進行設計，製作出可伸縮的單跨輕便橋，方便組裝與收納，而模型桿件使用中空桿件，可減輕重量便於搬運，為避免在河道中施作橋墩，開合式移動橋梁的設計概念來進行橋體的剛體旋轉完成渡河，本研究針對實際試體進行靜態與動態試驗，檢核所設計的輕便橋是否滿足AASHTO人行陸橋設計規範的規定，並配合使用MSC Patran與Nastran有限元素軟體進行數值模擬，比對數值模擬結果與試驗數據。

關鍵字

救災 ； 開合式橋梁 ； 輕便橋

並列摘要

Taiwan located in subtropical zone often faces the attack of typhoon. Because of steep terrain in Taiwan and extreme weather, heavy rainfalls brought by strong typhoon result in large-scale floods and landslides which damage a lot of bridges. When a bridge is destroyed, the most important thing is traffic rehabilitation. As far as we know, there are some emergency bridges made of steel or fiber reinforced polymer. However, these bridges are heavy and inconvenient to deliver to the field site. Therefore, my research is focused on designing a single-span portable and lightweight bascule bridge which can be used as a temporary emergency bridge to restore traffic at the first time. Because the proposed bridge is easy to transport, install and store, people in remote districts can build it up the by themselves within half an hour.
In my research, the concept of pantograph mechanism is used to make the proposed bridge deployable and contracted, which provides convenience to assemble and store the bridge. Also, the bridge is built up from hollow members in order to reduce self-weight. Thus, the bridge is easy to carry. To achieve the goal of making the bridge span over a river without piers, the idea of bascule bridges is employed to rotate the bridge deck. Finally, static and dynamic tests are conducted to check if the proposed bridge satisfies the requirements of AASHTO pedestrian bridge specification. In addition, the comparisons between the experimental results and numerical simulations by finite element software MSC Patran and Nastran are used to evaluate the validity of the numerical model.

並列關鍵字

Disaster relief ； bascule bridges ； portable and lightweight bridges

參考文獻

[1] R. G. Wight, M. A. Erki; C. T. Shyu; R. Tanovic; and P. J. Heffernan, "Development of FRP Short-Span Deployable Bridge-Experimental Results", Journal of Bridge Engineering, vol. 11,2006, pp. 489-498.

[2] M. J. Robinson and J. B. Kosmatka, "Development of a Short-Span Fiber-Reinforced Composite Bridge for Emergency Response and Military Applications", Journal of Bridge Engineering, vol. 13, no. 4, 2008, pp. 388-397.

[3] T. Kumada, Seishi Yamada, E. Johansen and R. Wilson, "Static and Dynamic Behavior of a Pultruded FRP Truss Footbridge", APFIS ,2009, pp. 355-361.

[4] A. P. Thrall, Design and Optimization of Linkage-Based Movable Bridge Forms, Ph.D. Thesis, Princeton Unyiversit, Princeton, U. S. A., 2011.

[6] 徐文娟、李有豐、徐增興、鄧文廣，「FRP緊急救災車行便橋可行性研究」，臺灣公路工程，第三十九卷，第一期，2013，第2-17頁。