- 學位論文
血液透析中動靜脈廔管漏血監測系統之開發應用
Detection of Blood Leakage in Arteriovenous fistula during Hemodialysis
摘要
台灣的洗腎人口密度位居世界之冠，大多數的患者都採用血液透析的治療方式來洗腎。 血液透析的整個療程時間約耗費三至四小時之久，患者在這血液透析療程中，可能因為手部的移動動作造成動靜脈廔管脫落而使血液流出，進而有危及患者生命之虞。 本研究為設計一種漏血監測的手環裝置，利用光遮斷器並結合藍牙4.0無線傳輸的功能，組成此裝置電路。 經實驗證實，僅需極少量0.01毫升的血液及花費1.6秒，即可使該裝置感測到有漏血的狀況，能快速的發揮監測作用。 另外，該裝置的電池壽命更超越目前已知的市售產品，連續發出漏血訊號時間，可達18小時，且連續監測時間則可長達41小時。 在無線傳輸訊號的距離部分，可達23公尺。 患者只要在進行血液透析時戴上此漏血監測的手環裝置，並將吸附材料貼於患者的廔管接合處。 當發生漏血時，吸附材料會吸附漏出的血液，因毛細作用的擴散，使血液分佈在吸附材料上。 由於吸附材料是放置在光遮斷器的感測位置，導致光遮斷器的接收訊號改變而判斷有漏血的狀況，隨即會發出聲響與警示燈，並透過藍牙無線傳送警示訊息給醫護站，讓醫護人員得以即刻做出適當的處理，防範患者在血液透析的療程中發生不可逆之情事。 希望藉由本研究達到改善當前的醫療方式，並對血液透析的治療患者有所貢獻。
並列摘要
The dialysis population in Taiwan is the highest in the world and most of the patients are receiving the hemodialysis treatment. It generally takes about three to four hours throughout the entire hemodialysis treatment. During the treatment, the arteriovenous fistulas maybe dislodgement due to the hand movements of patients and it causes the problem of bleeding, and thus threatening the lives of patients. The purpose of this study is to design a bracelet monitoring device for blood leakage detection during the hemodialysis treatment. The photointerrupter combined with a Bluetooth 4.0 wireless transmission devices are used in this design. After the validation from the experiments, it indicates that it only needs a very small amount of blood (0.01 ml) and takes 1.6 seconds to detect the leakage. Furthermore, the lifetime of the battery on this device is longer than the currently known commercially available products. It can continuously alert for 18 hours long and continuously monitor for up to 41 hours. In addition, the transmission distance of Bluetooth wireless signal can be extended to 23 meters. As long as the patients wear this bracelet monitoring device during the hemodialysis treatment and affix the absorbent material onto the junction of fistula. Once the blood leakage occurs, the adsorbent material will absorb the blood due to the capillary action. As the adsorbent material is placed in the light sensing position of the photointerrupter, which causes the received light intensity changes due to the blood leakage. The alarm and warning lights will be triggered and transmitted via Bluetooth wireless to the health care stations. The medical staff can make the appropriate treatment immediately to prevent any risks happened on patients during the hemodialysis treatment. By the results of this study, the current medical approach for the treatment of hemodialysis can be improved.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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