雷射掃描系統於水利防災與土砂災害之研究

A Study of Laser Scanning System Applied on Monitoring the Water Level and Sediment Hazards

邱鴻瑋(Hung-Wei Chin)

指導教授 ： 張守陽 ； 林志平

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2005.00269

摘要

本研究利用自行研發之三維雷射掃描系統，針對外水溢淹警戒區域與土砂災害潛勢區域，分析災害情境與撰寫相關程式，並進行模擬實驗，驗證系統之合理性，以探討雷射掃描系統應用於水利防災與土砂災害監測之可行性。由實驗結果證明，本系統於水利防災方面，可順利推估雷射光之入水點，藉此判讀外水溢淹警戒區域沿岸之水位高程。依本系統條件下，於不良天候時，監測堤線範圍應可長達260公尺，依馬達步級數不同之設定，水位精度範圍約為0.25cm~5.03cm，並可設計於洪水達不同警戒水位時，發出適時警告；在土砂災害方面，本系統具有即時微動追蹤之功能，若反射稜鏡移動幅度大於系統設定偵測之位移範圍時，可判釋為土石已發生較大規模位移。在本研究條件下，土石三維微動量之平均誤差皆小於2.9公分。
結果顯示，本研究自行研發之雷射掃描系統，具有攜帶移動(Portable)之功能，可針對不同功能之監測需求，如本文之水利防災與土砂災害等進行特定設計與監測。

關鍵字

雷射掃描 ； 水位判讀 ； 雷射追蹤 ； 土石微動

並列摘要

This study focuses on monitoring the water level in the dike and sediment hazard regions by using self-developed 3-D Laser Scanning System. The Laser scanning system we developed has merits of low cost, high resolution and flexibility. The fundamental properties of the system have been investigated in detail. By slightly modifying the parameters of our laser system, the system can be used for many applications about disaster prevention. The feasibility of the system on monitoring the water level and sediment hazards was also demonstrated in this paper.
On monitoring the water level, the experimental results show that the Laser Scanning System can automatically detect the laser spot right on the water level. The water level in the dike can therefore be measured. According to our tests, the measure length of our system whose measure error is below 5.03cm can reach 260m in a bad weather. The system can provide a warning signal in time when the flood reaches the critical water level. On monitoring the sediment hazards, the Laser Scanning System can detect not only the tiny displacement of the debris but also the large-scale movements of the debris by tracking the retro-reflectors embedded in critical targets. The average measure errors of the Laser Scanning System are less than 2.9 cm.
The self-developed Laser Scanning System is portable and can be installed easily in any monitoring site. The system can be used in various complicated disaster scenarios with reconstructed detecting algorithm, for example, monitoring the water level and sediment hazards in this study.

並列關鍵字

Laser Scanning System ； Water level determination ； Laser tracing ； Tiny movements of debris

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