- 學位論文
磁滯控制直流-直流分流/升流電流轉換器與低電壓低功率調壓式電荷幫浦
Hysteresis-Controlled DC-DC Buck/Boost Current Converter and The Low-voltage Low-power Voltage Regulated Charge Pump
摘要
本論文提出一個採用開關切換式的架構，使用磁滯控制方式設計出直流-直流電流轉換器。此電路架構係全新原創電路，在文獻上尚未有相關電路發表，這項技術可應用於電流式負載如Moter、OLED能得到較佳的驅動方式。直流-直流電流轉換器可降低導上產生的雜散電感效應所造成的雜訊，對電流式負載採用電流轉換器，將可大大降低雜訊的干擾進而提升電源的穩定性與準確性。 在此次提出的直流-直流電流轉換器中，主要的架構包含了功率電晶體、磁滯電路、非重疊電路、驅動電路。磁滯電路控制概念是利用電容電壓作為磁滯控制訊號，並和磁滯電路所產生的上下臨界電壓作比較，並控制開關的切換，達到我們所期望的輸出電流。非重疊電路與驅動電路，提供非重疊訊號去驅動功率電晶體開關的導通與截止。 磁滯控制直流-直流分流/升流晶片是以台積電點三五微米兩層多晶矽四層金屬互補式金屬氧化物半導體製程來實現。在降流/升流轉換器正常工作範圍內所實測結果：輸入電流範圍100mA~800mA；輸出電流範圍100mA~800mA；轉換器之效率最高可達88%。 本論文提出所提出的另一個新型的升壓電路，其特性在於透過閉迴路的設計可以調整所期望的輸出電壓，另一個電路特性可偵測在無載狀況下，會自動關閉控制電路，大大的節省功率之消耗。電荷幫浦電路之傳輸電容在設計上僅4pF，故不需外掛可直接設計在晶片內，節省電路的整體體積，這些特性的設計特別適合應用於可攜性電子產品。調壓式電荷幫浦電路主要是由電荷幫浦電路、負載偵測電路、補償器、非重疊電路與驅動電路組合而成。電荷幫浦電路採用互補式升壓電路的架構，此電路可以提供穏定的輸出電壓在有負載電流情形，並且在升壓電路操作的正反時脈也能穏定提供電壓至輸出端，且轉換過程中也必需完全打開傳輸電荷的場效電晶體，關閉場效電晶體時也能阻止逆電流產生；負載偵測電路感測無載狀況下關閉控制電路；非重疊電路是提供給功率晶體一個不會同時導通的訊號，及減少控制訊號的延遲。 本篇論文所製作之低電壓低功率調壓式電荷幫浦晶片是以台積電零點三五微米兩層多晶矽四層金屬互補式金屬氧化物半導體製程來實現。在輸入電壓1.5V下，電荷幫浦工作範圍內所實模擬果:輸出電壓範圍1.5V~5.5V；無載狀態下電路的總消耗功率為16uW。
並列摘要
In this thesis, we design switching mode DC-DC current converter based on hysteresis-controlled technique. This structure is a novel and original circuit. There is not relative circuit presented in the paper, and this technology get better driving to apply to current mode loading like Motor or OLED etc. DC-DC current converter can decrease the noise due to stray inductance effect which is generated by conducting wire. As a result, we use current converter to current mode loading will reduce the interference of noise, and increase stability and accuracy of power supply. In the proposed DC-DC current converter is consist of power switch transistors, a comparator, a hysteresis circuit, a non-overlapping circuit and a driver circuit. The concept of hysreresis circuit is used the voltage of capacitor to be a control signal, and compare with up and down limited-voltage that be generated by hysteresis circuit, and control of power switch transistors to get output current that we expected. The control driving circuit provides non-overlapping signals that are used to switch power switch transistors in order to avoid the short-current between power switch transistors. Hysteresis-controlled buck/boost current converter are implemented with TSMC 0.35μm 2P4M CMOS processes. The experimental results show that the buck/ buck-boost converter operation range of input current is 100mA~800mA, and the output current is 100mA~800mA. The current converter maximum efficiency could reach to 88%. The other chip, we design novel boost circuit, and one characteristic is through closed-loop design to get expected output voltage. The other characteristic can detect the state of output current, when there is no output current, it will shut down control circuit to saving power consumption. In this work, because each pumping capacitor of charge pump is designed to 4pF that can design on-chip, so that can save circuit size. These characteristics are suitable to apply to portable electronic products. It consists of a charge pump, a load sensing circuit, a comparator, a non-overlapped circuit and a driver circuit. The charge transfer switches in this charge pump can be completely turn on and turn off, so its pumping efficiency is higher than that of the traditional designs. Moreover, the maximum gate-source and gate-drain voltages of all devices do not exceed the normal operating power supply voltage. A load sensing circuit can detect the state of output current, and shut down control circuit to saving power consumption. In the proposed regulated charge pump is implemented with TSMC 0.35μm 2P4M CMOS processes. Under 1.5V power supply, the results of simulation show that operation range of output voltage is 1.5V~5.5V. The power consumption of circuit under no output current is 16uW .