區域產學合作中心技術擴散之研究

A Study on the Technology Diffusion of the Centers for Regional Industry-Academia Liaison

洪金枝(Chin-Chih Hung)

指導教授 ： 林俊彥

國立臺北科技大學/人文與科學學院/技術及職業教育研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2010.00495

摘要

本研究旨在探討區域產學合作中心技術擴散的現況和相關問題。為達成研究目的，本研究採用文獻探討及訪問調查法，進行實徵性研究。經由文獻探討，歸納編製訪談問卷，實地訪問6個區域產學合作中心的主管及3位專家，以蒐集資料及意見。
本研究整理問卷調查及分析訪談結果，在區域產學合作中心技術擴散的現況，獲致以下5項結論：
一、區域產學合作中心技術擴散的類型，按經濟運行體制劃分，歸屬為綜合型技術擴散；按技術創新傳播方式劃分，包括有發散式擴散、直線式擴散及網路式擴散3種類型；按擴散產生的空間效應劃分，包括有空間梯度擴散、跳躍式擴散及雙向對流式擴散3種類型。
二、區域產學合作中心技術擴散的路徑，按靜態路徑劃分，主要採技術協助、管理合同、許可證交易、企業直接投資等4種路徑；按動態路徑劃分，主要採商業化、應用研究、基礎研究3種路徑。
三、區域產學合作中心技術擴散的方式，主要有：技術授權、合作開發、先期授權、先期開發聯盟、客戶委託等5種方式。
四、區域產學合作中心技術擴散的正向積極影響因素，主要有：1.技術性質因素：技術具商業價值、接受者對技術熟悉程度高、技術可解決接受者現有瓶頸3項；2.技術移轉雙方特性因素：提供者的技術專業性高、先前已有技術基礎、合作意願高、管理階層的支持、產品技術領先5項；3.溝通管道因素：依序為正面關係、相同目標2項。
五、區域產學合作中心技術擴散的阻礙影響因素，主要有：1.技術性質因素：技術所衍生的市場價值無法預估、技術市場尚未成形、技術研發費用過高3項；2.技術移轉雙方特性因素：未投入足夠研發(R&D)經費1項；3.溝通管道因素：依序為潛在利益未釐清、雙方責任(權利及義務)不清楚2項。
本研究針對區域產學合作中心技術擴散的問題，彙整受訪人員的看法，分成行政配合、技術供需及結果運用三個層面，共提出22個問題；同時，歸納技術擴散最重要的關鍵成功因素（CSF）有：研發能量符合企業需要、技術擁有者(教師) 配合度高、研發成果貼近產業需求的程度、區產媒合平臺溝通協調能力等4項因素。
最後，本研究針對主管相關政府部門、區域產學合作中心及後續研究，分別提出相關建議。

關鍵字

區域產學合作中心 ； 技術擴散 ； 技術移轉 ； 科技中介機構

並列摘要

This study examined the status quo of technology diffusion and related issues in the centers for regional industry-academia liaison. To this aim, an empirical research design was adopted by conducting literature review and interview surveys. A questionnaire based on literature review was developed for data collection through on-spot interviews with six executives from regional industrial cooperation centers and three experts.
Based on the questionnaire surveys and analysis of interview results, this study derived the following conclusions:
1.Classified by economic operation system, the technology diffusion of regional industry-academia liaison centers is of the integrated type; by the transmission mode of technological innovation, there are three types of diffusion, including divergent diffusion, linear diffusion and network diffusion; and by the spatial effects resulting from technology diffusion, there are also three types, including space gradient diffusion, jump diffusion and two-way convection diffusion.
2.With regard to the routes of technology diffusion, the static routes include technical assistance, management contracts, licensing transaction, and direct investment of enterprises, while the dynamic routes include commercialization, applied research and basic research
3.Regional industry-academia liaison centers adopt five main methods to diffuse their technology, that is, technology licensing, joint development, initial licensing, early joint development, and customer contracts.
4.Positive factors that contribute to the technology diffusion of regional industry-academia liaison centers include mainly (1) technical factors: technology with commercial value, the recipient’s high familiarity with the technology, the technology’s capability of solving the current bottleneck in the recipient; (2) factors related to the characteristics of both sides involved in the technology transfer: the provider’s possession of high professional technology, pre-existing technology base, high willingness to cooperate, support of the management, and product technology leading the way/ being on the cutting-edge/ in the lead; and (3) communication channel factors: a positive relationship and a common target.
5.Negative factors that impede the technology diffusion of regional industry-academia liaison centers include mainly (1) technical factors: the difficulty in estimating the market value generated from the technology transfer, the technology market having not yet formed, and the high cost of technology development; (2) factors related to the characteristics of both sides involved in the technology transfer: not investing enough in R&D; and (3) communication channel factors: not clarifying the potential benefits, and the responsibilities (rights and obligations) of both sides being unclear.
This study collected the views of the people concerned in the technology diffusion of regional industry-academia liaison centers , and classified the interviewees’ opinions into three aspects, i.e. administrative cooperation, technology demand and supply, and results application. A total of 22 questions were asked. This study also summarized the four most critical successful factors (CSF) affecting technology diffusion: R&D capabilities meeting business needs, technology owners (instructors) being highly cooperative, R&D results close to the level of industry demand, and the communication and coordination abilities of the matching platform.
Finally, this study proposed suggestions respectively to the relevant authorities/ government departments, regional industry-academia liaison centers, and future researchers.

並列關鍵字

Centers for Regional Industry-Academia Liaison, technology diffusion ； technology transfer ； science and technology agents

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