生質柴油的燃料特性對柴油引擎性能、廢氣排放及燃燒特性影響之研究

Studies of Effects of Biodiesel's Fuel Properties on Diesel Engine Performance, Exhaust Emissions and Combustion Characteristics

黃俊翰(Jyun-Han Huang)

指導教授 ： 林百福

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/機電科技研究所/博士(2009年)

摘要

近年來，生質柴油普遍被世界各國用來做為石化柴油的替代燃料，使用在柴油引擎上。雖然目前針對生質柴油及其混合燃料之相關應用的研究相當多，但因各國所選用和推廣之生質柴油的種類不同，以及各研究之實驗進行所使用的設備也不盡相同，造成在各種不同生質柴油間相互比較時，因沒有一個具體的基準，故無法從中去比較彼此間的優劣。因此，本研究選擇當前國外常用或適合國內農業發展的八種料源所製成的生質柴油做為實驗的測試燃料，並針對生質柴油的燃料性質和脂肪酸組成，以及生質柴油混合比例對引擎性能、廢氣排放及燃燒特性等之影響做一深入的探討。依實驗數據所得之結果做一比較分析，其目的在尋求適合國內未來生質柴油發展的料源。此外，近年來， FT柴油(Fischer-Tropsch diesel)逐漸被世界各國所推廣和應用，由於FT柴油不但提供能源的另一種使用方式，且其極低的硫含量和芳香烴含量，對環境的保護也有很大的助益。因此，本研究亦提出以FT柴油做為超級柴油的替代燃料，並對
其使用於柴油引擎的適用性和可行性，做一分析與探討。經研究結果證明，生質柴油的燃料性質和脂肪酸組成，對柴油引擎的制動比燃料消耗率(BSFC)、 黑煙(smoke)、 氮氧化物(NOx) 和總碳氫化合物(THC)等廢氣排放濃度，以及燃燒特性等有極大的影響。此外，以FT柴油作為超級柴油的替代燃料，可有效的減低柴油引擎smoke、NOx和THC等的廢氣排放濃度。

關鍵字

生質柴油 ； 替代燃料 ； 脂肪酸 ； 燃燒特性 ； FT柴油

並列摘要

Recently, biodiesel has been used as a substitute fuel for fossil fuel in the
diesel engine worldwide. There are many researches focus on the
application of biodiesel and biodiesel blends at
present. However, it is difficult to compare the experimental results
from different researches due to the various biodiesel
sources and different experimental equipment.
Therefore, this study selected eight kinds of biodiesel which
feedstocks were common used abroad or suitable
for domestic agriculture development to be test fuels.
Furthermore, a serious of engine tests were conducted to
investigate the effects of fuel properties, fatty acid
composition, and mixed percentage on engine
performance, exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics.
Additionally, the experimental data were analyzed to seek the
potential feedstocks for domestic biodeisel development in the future.
Nowadays, Fischer-Tropsch diesel (FT diesel) has been promoted and
developed gradually all over the world. FT
diesel not only provide another way for energy usage, but also have the
benefit for environmental protection due to its near zero sulfur and aromatic
content.
Therefore, this study proposed that using FT diesel substitute for
super diesel.
In addition, the feasibility and suitability for using FT diesel in the diesel engine
were also be discussed.
Consequently, the experimental results demonstrated that the fuel properties
and fatty acid composition of biodiesel significantly influence the brake
specific fuel consumption (BSFC), smoke, nitrogen oxide (NO$_{x}$)
and total hydrocarbons (THC), and combustion characteristics.
Additionally, using FT diesel as a substitute fuel for super diesel can efficiently reduce
smoke, NO$_{x}$ and THC emissions.

並列關鍵字

Biodiesel ； Substitute fuel ； Fatty acid ； Combustion characteristics ； Fischer-Tropsch diesel

參考文獻

[2] International Energy Agency, “World Energy Outlook 2005,” 2005.

[3] International Energy Agency, “World Energy Outlook 2007,” 2007.

[4] J. T. Houghton, “Global Warming: The Complete Briefing,” Third edition, Cambridge, UK: New York: Cambridge University, 2004.

[5] United Nations, “Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change,” 1998.