具自我校正機制之智慧型夜間地震警報器與5.8-GHz射頻低雜訊放大器設計

A Intelligent Midnight Earthquake Alarm System with Self-calibration Mechanism and Design of a 5.8-GHz RF Low-Noise Amplifier

林宗慶(Tzung-Ching Lin)

指導教授 ： 王多柏

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/電腦與通訊研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本論文分為兩個部份，第一部份為具自我校正機制之智慧型夜間地震警報器，目的為在地震來臨時發出即時警報，提醒人們在第一時間緊急逃生，保障生命安全。本部份探討利用三軸向加速度計做為感測端，偵測地震的震動加速度變化，透過12位元類比數位轉換器將其三軸向加速度計感測輸出之電壓變化轉換為數位數值，採用微控制器讀取類比數位轉換器轉換之數值，將讀取數值依照三軸向感測值分別儲存於暫存器並透過算術平均數將轉換數值平均，再利用此平均值做向量合成計算，做為判斷依據。當偵測超過預設值後，啟動語音警報，並且開啟高亮度LED照明，避免在黑暗中遭掉落物品擊中或是踩到碎玻璃，減少地震時遭受的傷害。並且在地震發生後15秒，自動啟動內建的收音機裝置，讓人們獲得外界資訊，免於恐懼。
第二部份為5.8 GHz射頻低雜訊放大器設計，目的為設計一低電壓低功耗之低雜訊放大器，採用差動式架構疊接(cascode)放大器，並於差動式cascode之間加入了交叉耦合對連接於 cascode兩電晶體之間，使增益提高。量測值為增益為15.8 dB，雜訊為2.52 dB，輸入反射係數為-12 dB，輸出反射係數-7 dB。

關鍵字

微控制器 ； 地震警報器 ； 低雜訊放大器

並列摘要

There are two parts in the thesis; the first part is the design of Intelligent Midnight Earthquake Alarm System with Self-Calibration Mechanism, which serves as warning signal when earthquake happens. First, the three-axis accelerometer is employed as a sensor in the system. And then, the analog data measured by sensor is transformed into the digital format by 12 bits analog-to-digital converter. After the process mentioned above, the data will be sent to microcontroller and stored in the registers separately according to the measured data. Finally, the process called "Arithmetic Mean" will be applied to process the stored value to get the mean value. After final value is already determined, the calculation and synthesis result of the vector will be turned into the index to determine whether the earthquake is serious enough that people should pay attention to it. If the Earthquake is large, the voice alarm system will be triggered and the high brightness LED emergency lighting lamp will be turned on at the same time. These emergency systems will keep people from danger. For example, it can keep them from fallen objects and broken glass on the ground. The built-in radio will be turned on automatically within 15 seconds after the earthquake, and it will broadcast the latest news to relieve the anxiety of the victims.
In the second part the low noise amplifier design will be introduced in this part. The purpose of this amplifier is to achieve low voltage supply circuit.The differential and cascode architecture is employed to accomplish this amplifier.In addition,the cross couple pairs connected between the two transistors could enhance power gain.From the measure result,the power gain is 15.8 dB,noise figure is 2.52 dB,input and output reflection coefficient is -12 dB and -7dB,respectively.

並列關鍵字

Microcontroller ； Earthquake Alarm ； Low Noise Amplifier

參考文獻

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