以鍵結圖法對於電網路系統的結構化建模與分析

Structural Modeling and Analysis for Electric Network Systems through Bond Graph Approach

張瑞豐(Ruey-Fong Chang)

指導教授 ： 曾國雄 ； 高文秀

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/電機工程系研究所/博士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2009.00538

摘要

建模與模擬組成一整體所必需的作用以決定動態系統的性能；一個動態系統精確的數學描述，提供研究者具靈活性以實現快速及精確地商業研究，其有助於設計過程的進展。然而，許多系統分析法一直信賴於近似模型過程和數值模擬；由於缺乏實體的洞察信息，這些方法不僅遵從較好的系統模型想像，而且將引導以識別出非必要的轉移效率損失。本研究工作的目標是發展一種以能量為基準的方法，為電網路領域系統的動態建模與分析提供一種統一性的表示；這些問題的研究將經由時間和頻率響應的模擬分析。在設計/重新設計階段，詳細的元件特性及方程式被決定之前，以使用系統的能量交互作用及因果關係含意，在初期去了解內在的系統性質，這是合適的。獲得的資訊依次推薦可行的方向，為動態系統之設計/重新設計朝向較好的整體系統性能改進。
本論文的研究是具重大意義的，因為它是經由鍵結圖（BG）法首先嘗試去解決電網路系統的結構化建模和分析的挑戰性議題。這種新型的BG/SEBD結構化建模法已顯示出，既無需數學的高階降階，又無需物理模型的簡化。兩個主要的題目被介紹在本論文中說明所推薦的結構化建模、模擬和分析程序的能力。
第一個題目針對鍵結圖之建模觀念，將證實是非常方便和作用大的去描述複雜的電網路系统分析。使用高階電網路系统的電路圖模型，對一鍵結圖模型的建立進行審查。本論文研究對於使用鍵結圖與 Simulink的能量式方塊圖（SEBD）演繹法所發展的建模、模擬的能力和分析法進行考核。經由SEBD和MATLAB所模擬的結果，包含在鍵結圖模型內之實體的洞察信息可以被開發，以創建一系统效率的量測。
第二個題目是對高階電網路系統之系統階數和相對度的識別，提出一方法從鍵結圖模型分別推導出電子網路及電力網路系統之系統階數和相對度。由這種作法，其系統狀態空間方程式之系統階數可容易的獲得。因此，實際電網路系統之設計/重新設計及分析，包括系統階數和相對度的考量將成為是簡單易懂的。
在微觀領域，高階的電子及電力網路系統設計問題的幾個案例研究,已使用案例來測試BG/SEBD法的可行性。VLSI 互聯網路之20階RLC樹狀電路建模顯示所使用BG/SEBD法的效率與有效。低壓兩芯1.5 mm2非隔離電力電纜系統設計表明使用BG/SEBD法也能使用於重新設計；在一子系統互連拓撲空間進行系統的擴充是很有效的，且有能力的提供研究者以多樣化的較好設計候選，作為進一步的分析和權衡的部分。
從這研究結果，得知BG/SEBD法是一增效的電網路系統的建模及分析法，以研究結構化觀念設計能領進一系統化方法；一種能量為基準的結構化建模、模擬及分析，經由BG/SEBD法可處理這些動態系統形式且將使用以直接方式從BG/SEBD模型提取附加的資訊。所推薦的過程可容易地編碼，而分析結果被使用作為系統設計及元件選擇。

關鍵字

建模 ； 模擬 ； 分析 ； 鍵結圖 ； 電力網路系統 ； 電子網路系統

並列摘要

Modeling and simulation play an integral role in determining dynamic system performance. An accurate mathematical description of a dynamic system provides the researchers with the flexibility required to perform trade studies quickly and accurately in order to expedite the design process. However, many system analytical methodologies still rely on the model approximation procedures and numerical simulations. Due to the lack of physical insights, these approaches not only defer the conception of better system models but also may lead to the identification of the unnecessary loss of transfer efficiency. The aim of this research work is to develop an energy-based methodology with which to provide a unified representation for the dynamical modeling and analysis of electric network domain systems. These problems will be studied through the simulation analysis of time and frequency responses. By the use of its energy interactions and causality implications, it is possible to understand the inherent system properties early in the design/redesign stage before detailed component characteristics and equations are determined. The obtained information in turn suggests feasible directions for dynamic system design/redesign improvements for deriving better overall system performance.
The research in this dissertation is significant because it is one of the first endeavors to address the challenging issue of realizing a structural modeling and analysis for electric network systems via a BG approach. It is shown that the novel BG/SEBD (Simulink Energy-based Block Diagram) structural modeling approach requires neither mathematical higher-order reduction nor physically-based model reduction. Two main topics are presented in this thesis to demonstrate the capability of the proposed structural modeling, simulation and analysis procedures.
The first topic addresses the BG modeling concepts, whether they will prove to be very convenient and powerful in describing complex electric network systems analysis. An investigation into the creation of a BG model using the circuit diagram model of the higher-order electric network system is provided herein. The research of this dissertation examines the ability of a modeling, simulation and analysis methodology; a BG model with a Simulink Energy-based Block Diagram (SEBD) algorithm is developed. Through both SEBD and MATLAB simulation results, the physical insights contained within the BG models can be exploited to create a measurement for system efficiency.
The second topic is the identification of system order and relative degrees for higher-order electric network systems. A method is proposed to derive the system order and relative degrees of electronic and electrical network systems from BG models, respectively; this way, the state equations of the system order can be easily obtained. Thus, the design/redesign and analysis of physical electric network systems, including the consideration of the system order and relative degrees, becomes straightforward.
Several case studies of higher-order electronic and electrical network systems design problems, in micro-domains, have been used as examples to test the feasibility of the BG/SEBD approach. The VLSI interconnect network with a 20th-order RLC tree circuit modeling shows the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach. A low voltage (LV) two-core 1.5 mm2 non-shielded power cable system design demonstrates that the BG/SEBD approach can also be used for redesign and is very effective in exploring a subsystem-interconnected topology space and capable of providing researchers with a variety of better design candidates for further analysis and tradeoff.
From the results of this research, it is shown that the BG/SEBD method is a powerful synergistic approach, for modeling and analysis of electric network systems which can be conducted in a systematic way by studying the structure conceptual design. An energy-based structural modeling, simulation and analysis through BG/SEBD methodology that can handle these types of dynamical systems might be used in a direct fashion to extract added information from the BG/SEBD models. The proposed procedures can be easily coded and analytical results used for system design and component selection.

並列關鍵字

Modeling ； Simulation ； Analysis ； Bond Graph (BG) ； Electrical Network System ； Electronic Network System

參考文獻

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