- 學位論文
水性聚氨基甲酸酯/負離子粉體複合薄膜功能性之研究
A Study on Negative Ion Powder Composite Films of Water-Borne Polyurethane
摘要
由於自然環境之改變，現代人有過度裝修的習慣，導致居住環境中之負離子已大數量減少，再加上3C設備快速發展，導致正離子大量產生，嚴重威脅到現代人之身心健康，文明病因而產生。有鑑於此，本研究採用次微米負離子粉體及激發材，先添加分散劑後利用球磨機做處理，再將次微米負離子粉體與激發材添加至水性聚氨基甲酸酯中，經由行星式脫泡攪拌機均勻混合，再以濕式塗佈法，經由塗佈棒塗佈於離型紙上，脫膜後成複合薄膜，製備出於空氣中釋放負離子、吸收異味且清潔空氣之永久型複合薄膜。 在本論文中以負離子粉體為原料，改變次微米負離子粉體與激發材之添加比例與厚度，以探討複合薄膜所釋放出動、靜態負離子個數、遠紅外線溫昇與溫降、放射係數、拉伸性質等功能。經由實驗結果顯示，隨著激發材與功能性次微米粉體添加量之增加有助於複合薄膜功能之提昇；且其遠紅外線溫昇現象係隨著激發材與功能性次微米粉體添加量與照射時間之增加有增加之趨勢；而遠紅外線溫降現象係隨著激發材與功能性次微米粉體添加量與隨照射時間之增加而有較緩和之下降趨勢。以礦石負離子(30wt%)添加激發材(30wt%)所製成厚度0.14mm之水性PU複合薄膜為例，其可釋放之靜態負離子個數分別為2,000 Ions/cm3左右，將複合薄膜放入可控制溫溼度的25cm×25cm×25cm之密閉壓克力箱內，每次貼合1面試樣(625cm2)，共貼合5次(3125cm2)，以5片面積(3125cm2)者之負離子效果最佳，複合薄膜所釋放出之動態負離子個數為88,530 Ions/cm3；正負離子中和結果，負離子釋放量達到4000 -Ions/cm3左右，有增強人體免疫力之功能。且所製成之水性PU複合薄膜之遠紅外線蓄熱保溫之溫差範圍介於2~6℃，放射係數可達到0.91左右，已經達到人體維持基本建康之需求。 以電腦伺服控制材料試驗機對試片進行PU複合薄膜斷裂拉伸及伸長量之測試，經由實驗結果顯示，負離子粉體與激發材添加量之多寡與相互之間比例，對材料強度及韌性有直接性之影響，以顯微鏡觀察不同條件試片的破壞斷面，發現在三相共混系統中，因為摻混負離子粉體，反而降低材料本身之拉伸強度、拉伸模數。 本研究製成之PU複合薄膜，除具有優良之負離子、遠紅外線蓄熱保溫及放射係數等多功能性複合薄膜，尚可應用在秋冬季服飾、內衣褲、襪子、鞋類、皮包、手提袋、行李箱、沙發、汽車內飾製品、床墊、風扇、塗料等。
並列摘要
Due to the change of natural environment, the excessive indoor decoration and the NI amount in the modern living environment has already been greatly reduced. In addition, the tremendous development of computers, communications, and control equipment, large amounts of positively charged cations are produced which could seriously threaten modern people’s health. Therefore, disease in the population has become more common recently. In view of this, submicron Negative-Ion(NI) powders and excited materials were adopted in this research. The submicron NI powders and excited material powders were treated with a dispersing agent and a ball mill used first, then it was blended evenly into water-borne polyurethane(PU) by a planetary deaerate stirring machine, and finally the water-borne PU composite films were coated onto release paper with a coating rod. The main purpose of this work is to manufacture a permanent composite film which is able to release NIs. Such film is expected to not only release amounts of NI but also absorb smells and effectively create fresh air. The submicron NI powder composite films were used as samples in this study. The added amount of submicron NI powder and thickness was taken as factors to investigate the number of static and dynamic negative ion per cubic centimeter released by the sample, the rise and fall of FIR temperature, the Reflection Index and Tensile, etc. It has been shown that the number of NI per cubic centimeter, and the rise of FIR temperature, were increased by increasing the added amount of submicron functional and excited powders. The water-borne PU composite film of 0.14 mm thickness with 30wt% mineral NI powder and 30wt% excited functional powders could release about 2000 Ions/cm3. The composite films were put into a 25cm×25cm×25cm airtight acrylic box that can control the temperature and relative humidity. On each occasion there was hung a single piece sample (625cm2), altogether 5 of these samples (3125cm2) were fitted, and the area of 5 piece NI amounts generated the best results. The composite film release of dynamic NI amounts are 88,530 Ions/cm3, In positive and negative ion counteraction, and NI amount release to reach -Ions/cm3, has the function of enhancing human body immunity. Furthermore, for warm ability of water-borne PU composite film, the FIR temperature rise was around 2~6℃; and the Reflection Index would reach around 0.91. Such data shows that the water-borne PU composite film has already met the requirements for a healthy body. By using a control material testing machine with the servo computer, water-borne PU composite film samples were tested to snap into two split and extensible forms. The experimental results show that, added amounts of NI powders and excited material powders with specific ratio directly affect the materials’ strength and tenacity. It was found that altogether three phases through the mixing system were needed to blend the NI powder that reduced the material of its tensile strength and tensile modulus. Water-borne PU composite films possessing the ability of releasing sufficient NIs, and having FIR warm ability and high Reflection Index, could be suitable for utilization in autumn and winter dresses, underwear, socks, shoes, handbags, suitcases, sofas, while also enhancing products in automobiles, mattresses, ventilators, coatings, etc.