建築能源管理系統於儲冰空調系統之應用

Application of Building Energy Management System on Ice-Storage Air Conditioning System

許滄宜(Tsang-Yi Hsu)

指導教授 ： 張永宗

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班/碩士(2010年)

摘要

近年來由於全球暖化的影響，導致全球平均溫度上升，因此各類型的建築物對於空調系統的需求量也越來越大，由於空調系統本身是由各種高耗能的設備所組合而成的系統，故在夏季時對台灣的尖峰用電量造成不小的壓力。為了同時兼顧空調需求和抑制夏季尖峰的用電量，儲冰空調系統將是最快速且有效的一種設計方法。
台灣雖然推行儲冰空調系統已經有一段時間，但由於儲冰系統本身控制較為繁雜，且傳統的控制策略太過於簡單，因此在台灣的儲冰空調系統雖能節省使用電費卻不能節省使用電量，有鑑於此本研究以一多功能建築物的儲冰空調系統作為研究對象，透過資料統計與線性迴歸分析等研究方法，探討導入建築能源管理系統後對於儲冰系統本身的節能提升效果，以及未來系統主機效率分析等功能。
儲冰空調系統導入建築能源管理系統後包括利用外氣條件調整溶冰策略、區域（冰水）泵浦增設變頻控制、空調箱與冷風機排入使用時程或依課表控制管理，以及將冷卻水塔風扇運轉台數改成透過冷卻水出水溫度控制等節能策略。在導入BEMS系統前儲冰空調系統年度耗電量為1,681,888 kWh，改善後耗電量1,495,132 kWh，年節省耗電量為186,757 kWh，年平均節省耗能約11.1％。另外透過BEMS系統收集的數據所建立的冰水主機模型可用來分析冰水主機與各項參數（冷卻水入水溫度與主機部分負載率等參數）之間的關係，以便於了解冰水主機性能變化、冷卻水溫與耗電量的變化，另外透過各迴路的溫度偵測數據，可供判斷各項熱交換設備是否有效率衰減的現象發生。

關鍵字

建築能源管理系統 ； 儲冰空調系統

並列摘要

Due to the impact of global warming in recent years, the average temperature around the world has been rising steadily. Consequently, the demand for air conditioning systems in all types of buildings has also grown substantially. As air conditioning systems consist of an assortment of energy consuming components, they create significant stress on peak electricity consumption in Taiwan during summers. In order to cater to air-conditioning system demands, while curbing peak electricity consumption in the summer at the same time, an ice-storage air conditioning system will no doubt be the fastest and most effective design for the task.
Although the promotion of an ice-storage air conditioning system has been on-going in Taiwan for quite some time, due to the defects involved in the control of ice-storage systems, and the fact that conventional control strategies were too crude for such systems, the use of ice-storage air conditioning systems in Taiwan could only reduce electricity bills rather than cut power consumption. And as such, the author has chosen to focus on the ice-storage air conditioning system of a multi-purpose building as the target of the study and deployed various research techniques such as data statistics and linear regression analysis to examine the effectiveness of energy conservation for an ice-storage air conditioning system by introducing a building energy management system while analyzing the efficiency of chillers in future systems.
The incorporation of a building energy management system into an ice-storage air conditioning system involves various power-saving strategies such as the use of external air conditions to moderate discharging strategies, implementing AC control for secondary (chilled water) pump, including air handling unit and fan in usage schedule/control according to timetables and changing cooling tower fans to temperature control via cooling water supply temperature. Prior to the introduction of BEMS, the annual power consumption of ice-storage air-conditioning system was at 1,681,888 kWh, which fell to 1,495,132 kWh after the improvements (186,757kWh saved, translating to 11.1% of energy saved on a yearly basis). In addition, the ice-storage chiller model built from the data collected through the BEMS may also be used to analyze the correlation between chiller and various parameters (i.e. cooling water temperature and chiller PLR and etc.) in order to determine the changes of chiller performance, cooling water temperature and power consumption. Not only that, temperature readings from various loops may be used to monitor efficiency decay in various heat-exchange equipment in the system.

並列關鍵字

BEMS ； Ice-Storage Air Conditioning System

參考文獻

[8] 陳賡建，儲冰空調系統運轉策略之研究，碩士論文，台北科技大學，2006。

[12] Charles E. Dorgan and James S. Elleson, “Design Guide for Cool Thermal Storage”, ASHRAE Handbook, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers 1791 Tullie Circle, Atlanta, Georgia 30329.

[14] K.H. Yang, T.C. Yeh, “Renovation of an ice storage AC system in an aquarium for energy conservation”, Building and Environment, Vol. 42, pp. 1851-1861, 2007.

[19] 陳肇元，冰水主機性能提升與節能驗證方法之探討，碩士論文，台北科技大學，2008。

[1] 台灣電力公司，「公務統計」，http://www.taipower.com.tw/。