- 學位論文
機車引擎旋轉動態預估器之發展
Development of Rotational Dynamic Estimator for Scooter Engine
摘要
欲改善車輛油耗及廢氣排放汙染問題，當務之急便是開發能以噴射供油準確地控制燃油量，進而提升小型引擎效率的引擎管理系統(Engine Management System ,EMS)。EMS主要的功用為使引擎能正常運轉，而曲軸位置感知器為獲得引擎旋轉動態主要且基本的訊號之一，若受到雜訊干擾，將產生錯誤的齒訊訊號，使引擎旋轉動態間的計算有誤，間接地影響引擎點火及噴油的時機。本論文將利用現場可程式邏輯閘陣列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)發展一外部訊號電路及行程判別，處理曲軸齒訊訊號，使ECU獲得正確之引擎旋轉動態訊號，且可減少ECU中斷的產生，而FPGA的訊號則傳送給卡爾曼濾波器來減少雜訊的干擾，獲得引擎的角度及轉速訊號。實驗結果發現所使用的FPGA可快速地處理曲軸齒訊訊號，並計算正確的引擎旋轉動態，另外當曲軸齒訊遇到雜訊干擾時，卡爾曼濾波器則可減少雜訊對引擎旋轉動態訊號的干擾。
並列摘要
In order to reduce emissions and improve fuel consumption of the vehicle, the engine management system (EMS) had been developed. Accurate information of engine rotational dynamics, which consists of crank angle, engine speed, and engine acceleration, needs to be provided to EMS to achieve the designed performance. Engine rotational dynamics can be estimated from the tooth signal of the crankshaft wheel. The more the tooth number, the more accurate the calculation is. However, the ECU needs to process every tooth to transform tooth position into time information, which might overload the interrupt system. In order to overcome this problem, the field programmable gate array (FPGA) is proposed to implement engine rotational dynamics calculation with stroke identification algorithm. The FPGA includes a relatively large number of programmable logic elements, and it can accelerate the interpolation and multiplication processes by implementing them in parallel computation. Thus the proposed approach can calculate the engine rotational dynamics in real time. A 125c.c. scooter is utilized to verify the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can be used to obtain precise information of engine rotational dynamics without overload the interrupt system. Experiment results show that using FPGA can get engine rotational dynamic by the crank tooth signal. As tooth signal have noise, the Kalman filter can decrease the disturbance of engine rotational dynamic signal.