垃圾混燒事業廢棄物煙道氣中戴奧辛排放特性之研究

Study on Characteristics of Dioxins Emitted form Co-burning Industrial Waste in MSW Incinerator

黃唯哲(Wei-Chen Huang)

指導教授 ： 章裕民

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

針對如何做好控制降低焚化後戴奧辛排放量，一直以來為多數研究者關心之重點。國內外垃圾組成不同，重金屬含量、水分、垃圾發熱量、塑膠等皆高於國外垃圾，因此，國外數據實難以直接套用於我國垃圾特有組成之焚化，據此，建立適用於國內垃圾焚化特性的戴奧辛減量技術，期能有效控制焚化爐的戴奧辛排放量。
本研究對象為國內某大型垃圾資源回收（焚化）廠，其焚化之廢棄物為一般事業廢棄物併入都市垃圾廢棄物混燒，統計95~96年資料，混燒比例為都市垃圾廢棄佔69.48％、一般事業廢棄物佔30.52％，煙道廢氣中戴奧辛處理方式採用半乾式系統，以噴注活性碳吸附戴奧辛。依據歷次研究對象之戴奧辛檢測濃度與其毒性當量濃度，來探討煙道廢氣中戴奧辛之17種異構物的分布情況，以瞭解混燒事業廢棄物之焚化系統中戴奧辛之排放特性。
依本研究結果發現：（1）煙道廢氣中戴奧辛17種異構物實測濃度高低依序為OCDD、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF、OCDF，四者濃度總合為234.68 pg/Nm3，佔整體貢獻量之76.60％。（2）煙道廢氣中戴奧辛17種異構物毒性當量濃度高低依序為2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF、2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF、1,2,3,,7,8-PeCDD、1,2,3,6,7,8- HxCDF，四者總毒性當量濃度為6.93 pg-TEQ/Nm3，佔整體貢獻獻量之59.82％。（3）PCDDs對總毒性當量濃度之平均比值為0.34，PCDFs對總毒性當量濃度之平均比值為0.66，又以2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF毒性當量濃度貢獻量為最大。（4）混燒之垃圾組成，有機氯比例0.11％較低，應為塑膠類含量少之故。（5）垃圾經混燒一般事業廢棄物後之戴奧辛濃度較低，推測應為垃圾中含難燃燒之塑膠類較少，致有機氯比例較低的原因。而垃圾混燒一般事業廢棄物後，則不影響戴奧辛種異構物之分佈情形及PCDDs與PCDFs之貢獻度。

關鍵字

垃圾資源回收(焚化)廠 ； 混燒 ； 戴奧辛 ； 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF

並列摘要

Aiming at how to control and reduce dioxins emissions after incineration has been the main point focused by many researchers. The elemental composition of refuse is varied between countries, main differences between domestic and abroad market are contents of heavy metal, moisture, heating value of the refuse, plastics and many more, which all presented with higher value than foreign refuse. It will be insufficient to achieve desire result by using foreign data directly; therefore developing a Dioxins decrement technology suitable for incinerated characteristic of domestic refuse will be the more efficient way to control Dioxins emission from the incinerator.
The large scale incineration plant in internal is the study objective; the incineration is mixed by co-burning from industrial waste and common waste. According to the statistic between 2006~2007, the co-burning rate on municipal solid waste (MSW) account for 69.48%, industrial waste account for 30.52%. Exhaust fume of dioxins is treated with the dry type treatment system; injected with activated carbon to absorb Dioxins. According to the historical data of the Dioxins concentration and its toxicity equivalent quantity, to probe into 17 PCDD/Fs exhaust fume of Dioxins distributing situation, in order to comprehend emission characteristics of Dioxins from co-burning industrial waste incineration system.
The concluded result as follow: (1) 17 PCDD/Fs exhaust fume of Dioxins concentration distributed, OCDD,1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD,1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF,OCDF in order. The total concentration combined into 234.68 pg/Nm3, accounts for 76.60%.(2) 17 PCDD/Fs exhaust fume of Dioxins its toxicity equivalent quantity distributed, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF,2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF,1,2,3,,7,8-PeCDD,1,2,3,6,7,8- HxCDF in order. The total toxicity equivalent quantity combined into 6.93 pg-TEQ/Nm3, accounts for 59.82%.(3) PCDDs average ratio to the total toxicity equivalent quantity is 0.34, PCDFs average ratio to the total toxicity equivalent quantity is 0.66, especially from 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF that because of chemical bond that chemical constitution appear stability relatively high, and the toxic equivalent factor is 0.5, can be taken as a indicator that the toxicity equivalent quantity of dioxins, its alarm value is 32.77 pg-TEQ/Nm3.(4) Co-burning solid waste rate on the organic chlorine account for 0.11%, should be the plastics has less content. (5) Co-burning solid waste the concentration of Dioxins is relatively low, conjecture should be less plastics that difficult to burn in the solid waste, the reason that to lead to lower in proportion of the organic chlorine. And co-burning the common waste, does not influence the distributing situation of Dioxins and the contribution of PCDDs and PCDFs.

並列關鍵字

Incinerator ； Co-burning ； Industrial Waste ； Dioxins ； 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF

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